Approaches to treating tuberculosis by encapsulating metal ions and anti-mycobacterial drugs utilizing nano- and microparticle technologies.
Approaches to treating tuberculosis by encapsulating metal ions and anti-mycobacterial drugs utilizing nano- and microparticle technologies.
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利用纳米和微粒技术包封金属离子和抗分枝杆菌药物治疗结核病的方法。
DOI：
10.1042/etls20190154
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发表时间：
2020-12-17
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Porter AE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alzahabi KH;Usmani O;Georgiou TK;Ryan MP;Robertson BD;Tetley TD;Porter AE
结核病 (TB) 是由细菌感染引起的，会影响许多人体器官，主要是肺，但也会影响肝脏、脾脏和脊柱，引起发烧、疲劳和持续咳嗽等主要症状，如果治疗不当，可能致命。每年有 1000 万人患有活动性结核病，导致约 150 万人死亡。目前的治疗指南建议口服一线抗结核药物组合至少 6 个月。虽然“短期直接观察治疗”（DOTS）在最佳条件下有效，但也并非没有问题。治疗时间长、药代动力学差以及药物副作用导致患者依从性差，并加速了多重耐药（MDR）微生物的出现。所有这些，加上新发现的用于治疗耐多药结核病并缩短标准治疗时间的结核病药物数量有限，凸显了对新的靶向药物输送系统的需求。在这方面，最近关注的焦点是微米和纳米颗粒技术，用于制备负载结核病药物的有机或/和金属颗粒，以通过吸入途径进行靶向递送来增强其疗效。在这篇综述中，我们简要概述了当前结核病的流行病学以及潜伏期结核病（LTBI）进展为活动性结核病的危险因素。我们确定了当前的结核病治疗方案、新发现的结核病药物，并确定了使用微米或纳米颗粒技术来设计可靠的吸入药物输送系统以更有效地治疗结核病的研究。
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterial infection that affects a number of human organs, primarily the lungs, but also the liver, spleen, and spine, causing key symptoms of fever, fatigue, and persistent cough, and if not treated properly, can be fatal. Every year, 10 million individuals become ill with active TB resulting with a mortality approximating 1.5 million. Current treatment guidelines recommend oral administration of a combination of first-line anti-TB drugs for at least 6 months. While efficacious under optimum conditions, ‘Directly Observed Therapy Short-course’ (DOTS) is not without problems. The long treatment time and poor pharmacokinetics, alongside drug side effects lead to poor patient compliance and has accelerated the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms. All this, combined with the limited number of newly discovered TB drugs to treat MDR-TB and shorten standard therapy time, has highlighted the need for new targeted drug delivery systems. In this respect, there has been recent focus on micro- and nano-particle technologies to prepare organic or/and metal particles loaded with TB drugs to enhance their efficacy by targeted delivery via the inhaled route. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the current epidemiology of TB, and risk factors for progression of latent stage tuberculosis (LTBI) to the active TB. We identify current TB treatment regimens, newly discovered TB drugs, and identify studies that have used micro- or nano-particles technologies to design a reliable inhalation drug delivery system to treat TB more effectively.