Gene structure evolution of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) family.
Gene structure evolution of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) family.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2148-8-127
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发表时间：
2008-04-30
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Tibbits GF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
On C;Marshall CR;Chen N;Moyes CD;Tibbits GF
Na+-Ca 2+交换器（NCX）是细胞内Ca 2+水平的重要调节器。它的许多结构特征在许多物种中高度保守。无脊椎动物有一个单一的NCX基因，而脊椎动物物种有多个NCX基因作为至少两个重复事件的结果。为了研究NCX基因的分子进化，了解重复基因在脊椎动物NCX基因家族进化中的作用，我们对NCX基因进行了系统发育分析，并比较了来自测序基因组和单个克隆的NCX基因结构。一个单一的NCX在无脊椎动物和原索动物玻璃海鞘，并存在至少四个NCX基因的硬骨鱼，两栖动物和爬行动物的基因组中表明，一个四成员的基因家族出现在一个基础脊椎动物。对哺乳动物和鸟类基因组的广泛研究和同线性分析表明，NCX 4可能在这些谱系中丢失。在所有测序的硬骨鱼基因组中发现了重复的NCX 1、NCX 2和NCX 4。编码NCX同源物的七个基因的存在可能为硬骨鱼类提供类似于三种NCX哺乳动物同源物的选择性剪接策略的功能特化。我们已经证明，NCX 4存在于硬骨鱼，两栖动物和爬行动物物种，但已其次和独立的哺乳动物和鸟类中丢失。对保守的脊椎动物同源物的比较研究提供了一种可能的进化途径，即通过最小化同源物的数目来实现基因重复的亚功能化。
The Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is an important regulator of cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Many of its structural features are highly conserved across a wide range of species. Invertebrates have a single NCX gene, whereas vertebrate species have multiple NCX genes as a result of at least two duplication events. To examine the molecular evolution of NCX genes and understand the role of duplicated genes in the evolution of the vertebrate NCX gene family, we carried out phylogenetic analyses of NCX genes and compared NCX gene structures from sequenced genomes and individual clones. A single NCX in invertebrates and the protochordate Ciona, and the presence of at least four NCX genes in the genomes of teleosts, an amphibian, and a reptile suggest that a four member gene family arose in a basal vertebrate. Extensive examination of mammalian and avian genomes and synteny analysis argue that NCX4 may be lost in these lineages. Duplicates for NCX1, NCX2, and NCX4 were found in all sequenced teleost genomes. The presence of seven genes encoding NCX homologs may provide teleosts with the functional specialization analogous to the alternate splicing strategy seen with the three NCX mammalian homologs. We have demonstrated that NCX4 is present in teleost, amphibian and reptilian species but has been secondarily and independently lost in mammals and birds. Comparative studies on conserved vertebrate homologs have provided a possible evolutionary route taken by gene duplicates subfunctionalization by minimizing homolog number.
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