The i-frame and the s-frame: How focusing on individual-level solutions has led behavioral public policy astray
The i-frame and the s-frame: How focusing on individual-level solutions has led behavioral public policy astray
复制标题
i 框架和 s 框架：关注个人层面的解决方案如何导致行为公共政策误入歧途
DOI：
10.1017/s0140525x23000882
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
29.3
通讯作者：
George Loewenstein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nick Chater;George Loewenstein
两位作者长期以来一直赞同的行为科学中一个有影响力的思想路线是，许多社会上最紧迫的问题可以在个人层面上廉价而有效地解决，而无需修改个人运作的系统。我们现在认为这是一个错误，我们怀疑，学术界和政策界的许多同事也是沿着这样认为的。这些干预措施的结果令人失望地有限。但更重要的是，他们引导许多（尽管绝不是所有）行为科学家以个体而不是系统的方式来构建政策问题：采用我们所说的“i框架”，而不是“s框架”。通过转移对s框架政策的注意力和支持，这种差异可能比i框架倡导者意识到的更为重要。事实上，强调i-frame是反对监管和税收等协调一致的系统性行动的企业的长期目标。我们简要阐述了我们对六个政策问题的观点，并以气候变化、肥胖、退休储蓄和塑料废物污染为例进行了深入阐述。我们认为，行为科学家可以为公共政策做出贡献的最重要的方式是利用他们的技能来开发和实施创造价值的系统级变革。
Abstract An influential line of thinking in behavioral science, to which the two authors have long subscribed, is that many of society's most pressing problems can be addressed cheaply and effectively at the level of the individual, without modifying the system in which the individual operates. We now believe this was a mistake, along with, we suspect, many colleagues in both the academic and policy communities. Results from such interventions have been disappointingly modest. But more importantly, they have guided many (though by no means all) behavioral scientists to frame policy problems in individual, not systemic, terms: To adopt what we call the “i-frame,” rather than the “s-frame.” The difference may be more consequential than i-frame advocates have realized, by deflecting attention and support away from s-frame policies. Indeed, highlighting the i-frame is a long-established objective of corporate opponents of concerted systemic action such as regulation and taxation. We illustrate our argument briefly for six policy problems, and in depth with the examples of climate change, obesity, retirement savings, and pollution from plastic waste. We argue that the most important way in which behavioral scientists can contribute to public policy is by employing their skills to develop and implement value-creating system-level change.