Spatiotemporal Variation and Size‐Selective Predation on Hatchery‐ and Wild‐Born Juvenile Chum Salmon at Marine Entry by Nearshore Fishes in Southeast Alaska

Spatiotemporal Variation and Size‐Selective Predation on Hatchery‐ and Wild‐Born Juvenile Chum Salmon at Marine Entry by Nearshore Fishes in Southeast Alaska
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时空变化和大小——阿拉斯加东南部近岸鱼类对孵化场和野生鲑鱼的选择性捕食

DOI:
10.1002/mcf2.10091
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
1.7
通讯作者:
Beaudreau, Anne H.
Beaudreau, Anne H.
中科院分区:
农林科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Duncan, Douglas H.;Beaudreau, Anne H.

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幼鲑在进入海洋时会有很高的死亡率,但我们对这一关键时期捕食的定量了解有限。我们评估了空间,时间和大小为基础的模式捕食孵化场和野生出生的少年鲑鱼。阿拉斯加东南部河口有两种丰富的掠食者:太平洋鹿角石首鱼和洋娃娃红点鲑。对于我们采样的捕食者,鲑鱼占太平洋鹿角杜父鱼(n=937)重量的4.5%,占多莉瓦登(n=448)重量的19.6%,88%的鲑鱼个体来自孵化场。在饮食中出现的鲑鱼的变化是由日期,地点和当地鲑鱼的密度。太平洋鹿角杜父鱼消耗的鲑鱼的数量与捕食者的长度,鲑鱼密度,孵化场鱼类的比例不同,但是,日期是唯一重要的预测多莉瓦登。两种捕食者饮食中的鲑鱼平均长度显着短于同期孵化场释放或围网捕获,这表明对较小个体的大小选择性捕食。这种模式表明,孵化策略释放较大的个人可能会减少孵化场鲑鱼河口捕食者的初始脆弱性。
Juvenile Pacific salmonOncorhynchusspp. experience high mortality at marine entry, yet our quantitative understanding of predation during this critical period is limited. We evaluated spatial, temporal, and size‐based patterns of predation on hatchery‐ and wild‐born juvenile Chum SalmonO. ketaby two abundant predators in Southeast Alaska estuaries: the Pacific Staghorn SculpinLeptocottus armatusand Dolly VardenSalvelinus malma. For the predators we sampled, Chum Salmon comprised 4.5% of the diet by weight for Pacific Staghorn Sculpin (n=937) and 19.6% of the diet by weight for Dolly Varden (n=448), with 88% of the individual Chum Salmon consumed originating from hatcheries. Variation in occurrence of Chum Salmon in diets was driven by date, site, and local Chum Salmon density. The quantity of Chum Salmon consumed by Pacific Staghorn Sculpin varied with predator length, Chum Salmon density, and the proportion of hatchery fish present; however, date was the only important predictor for Dolly Varden. The mean length of Chum Salmon in the diets of both predators was significantly shorter than that of concurrent hatchery releases or seine catches, suggesting size‐selective predation on smaller individuals. This pattern indicates that hatchery strategies of releasing larger individuals may reduce the initial vulnerability of hatchery salmon to estuarine predators.
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