Transmission of Heartland Virus (Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus) by Experimentally Infected Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae)
Transmission of Heartland Virus (Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus) by Experimentally Infected Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae)
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DOI：
10.1093/jme/tjw080
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Delorey, Mark J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Godsey, Marvin S., Jr.;Savage, Harry M.;Delorey, Mark J.
哈特兰病毒（HRTV;布尼亚病毒科：白蛉病毒）是美国最近描述的人类疾病的原因。在2012年进行的田间研究表明Amblyomma americanum（L.）作为HRTV的载体，我们开始实验以评估A.美国。将蜱幼虫和若虫浸入高滴度的HRTV悬浮液中，然后在不同的时间间隔postimmersion进行病毒检测。在后来的试验中，将蜱虫幼虫浸入HRTV中，然后在兔子身上充血。一个子集的蜕皮后，进行了HRTV测试，以记录transstadial传输。将感染脓毒症的幼虫与未感染的菌落幼虫共同喂养，以评估非病毒血症传播。在另一项试验中，用一只兔子喂养小袋鼠，让它们蜕皮到成年阶段。雄性和雌性蜱在兔身上喂食和交配，并允许雌性产卵。对雄性和死去的雌性蜱虫进行了HRTV检测，并对受感染雌性蜱虫的后代进行了检测以评估垂直传播。感染率的千分之一的货币符号50%，观察浸泡幼虫和浸泡后的时间间隔内进行了测试。记录了从幼虫到成虫，然后到成虫的跨视距传播。在未感染的幼虫与感染的蜱虫共食后蜕皮的蜱虫池中检测到HRTV。HRTV的垂直传播，观察到感染的女性的后代。受感染的雌性需要更长的时间来产卵，并产生更少的后代。由浸泡幼虫或经感染蜱喂养的家兔的血清学转换（无病毒血症）表明HRTV的水平传播。
Heartland virus (HRTV; Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus) is a recently described cause of human illness in the United States. After field studies conducted in 2012 implicated Amblyomma americanum (L.) as a vector of HRTV, we initiated experiments to assess the vector competence of A. americanum. Larval and nymphal ticks were immersed in high-titered suspensions of HRTV, and then tested for virus at various intervals postimmersion. In a later trial larval ticks were immersed in HRTV, followed by engorgement on a rabbit. A subset of postmolt nymphs was tested for HRTV to document transstadial transmission. Putatively infected nymphs were cofed with uninfected colony larvae to assess nonviremic transmission. In another trial, nymphs were fed on a rabbit and allowed to molt to the adult stage. Male and female ticks fed and mated upon a rabbit, and females were allowed to oviposit. Male and spent female ticks were tested for HRTV, and offspring of infected females were tested to assess vertical transmission. Infection rates of a parts per thousand currency sign50% were observed in immersed larvae and nymphs tested at intervals following immersion. Transstadial transmission from larvae to nymphs and then to adults was documented. HRTV was detected in a pool of nymphs molted from uninfected larvae cofed with infected nymphs. Vertical transmission of HRTV was observed in progeny of infected females. Infected females took longer to oviposit and produced fewer offspring. Serologic conversions (without viremia) in rabbits fed upon by immersed larvae or transstadially infected ticks indicate horizontal transmission of HRTV.