Recent advances in the nutritional biochemistry of trivalent chromium.
Recent advances in the nutritional biochemistry of trivalent chromium.
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三价铬营养生物化学的最新进展。
DOI：
10.1079/pns2003315
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Vincent,JohnB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vincent,JohnB
三价铬的营养生物化学一直是一个知之甚少的研究领域;其他必要的过渡金属的生物化学的调查没有被证明是有问题的。尽管经过了四十多年的努力，但直到最近才开始确定铬的作用。生物学上相关的形式是三价离子。Cr 3+似乎需要适当的碳水化合物和脂质代谢的哺乳动物，虽然幸运的是铬缺乏症是难以实现的。增加循环葡萄糖和胰岛素浓度的条件增加尿Cr输出。Cr可能以寡肽chromodulin的形式排出。铬调蛋白可能是在分子水平上理解铬的作用的关键，因为已发现该分子与活化的胰岛素受体结合，刺激其激酶活性。最近提出了铬调蛋白的作用机制，该机制可以作为进一步研究的潜在框架，以测试铬在代谢中的作用。对营养补充剂吡啶甲酸铬的检查说明了与这些生化研究相关的一些困难。
The nutritional biochemistry of trivalent Cr has been a poorly understood field of study; investigations of the biochemistry of the other essential transition metals have not proven as problematic. Despite over four decades of endeavour, only recently has a picture of the role of Cr potentially started to be defined. The biologically-relevant form is the trivalent ion. Cr3+ appears to be required for proper carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in mammals, although fortunately Cr deficiency is difficult to achieve. Conditions that increase circulating glucose and insulin concentrations increase urinary Cr output. Cr is probably excreted in the form of the oligopeptide chromodulin. Chromodulin may be the key to understanding the role of Cr at a molecular level, as the molecule has been found to bind to activated insulin receptor, stimulating its kinase activity. A mechanism for the action of chromodulin has recently been proposed; this mechanism can serve as a potential framework for further studies to test the role of Cr in metabolism. An examination of the nutritional supplement chromium picolinate illustrates some of the difficulties associated with these biochemical studies.