The 'Holy Days' of Queen Elizabeth I
The 'Holy Days' of Queen Elizabeth I
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伊丽莎白一世女王的“神圣日子”
作者：
MEARS N
每年庆祝伊丽莎白一世登基日和生日的活动是研究她统治时期的一个熟悉的主题，但它们的起源，地位和目的仍然不确定。本文通过检查统治初期《公祷书》中出版的英国国教日历的修订，确定了首次承认这些公共周年纪念日的日期。它质疑了教会执事们的叙述中所提供的这些场合的证据的分量，并挑战了传统的解释，即登基日的开始和传播完全是自发的，地方和流行的庆祝活动，并表达了对女王的直截了当的爱国“崇拜”。虽然同意，他们不是假日，并解释说，他们不是严格的“圣日”，有人认为，这两个周年纪念日开始，并继续是宗教场合，他们的起源是最好的理解方面的宗教政治的君士坦丁堡国家。正如其他学者通过对女王布道的仔细注释所表明的那样，“虔诚的”神职人员不断敦促她进行进一步的新教改革和更坚定的反天主教措施。通过周年纪念和登基日祈祷的形式，大主教和主教们提供了机会和文本，以维持对实际女王的忠诚，并激发对理想女王的希望，她将更完全地实现他们对她的天命角色的理解。
The annual celebrations of the accession day and birthday of Queen Elizabeth I are a familiar subject in studies of her reign, yet their beginnings, status and purpose have remained uncertain. By examining revisions of the calendar of the Church of England published in the Book of Common Prayer from early in the reign, this article establishes the dates of the first recognition of these public anniversaries. It questions the weight that has been attached to the evidence for these occasions provided in churchwardens’ accounts, and challenges the conventional interpretations that accession day began and spread as wholly spontaneous, local and popular festivities, and expressed a straightforward patriotic ‘cult’ of the queen. While agreeing that they were not holidays, and explaining that they were not strictly ‘holy days’, it is argued that the two anniversaries began as and continued to be religious occasions, and that their origins are best understood in terms of the religious politics of the Elizabethan state. As other scholars have shown by careful exegesis of sermons addressed to the queen, ‘godly’ clergy persistently urged her to undertake further protestant reformation and firmer anti‐Catholic measures. With the anniversaries and in the forms of prayer for accession day, archbishops and bishops provided opportunities and texts both to sustain loyalty to the actual queen and to stimulate hopes of an ideal queen who would more completely fulfil their understanding of her providential role.