Secular Changes in Late-Life Cognition and Well-Being: Towards a Long Bright Future With a Short Brisk Ending?
Secular Changes in Late-Life Cognition and Well-Being: Towards a Long Bright Future With a Short Brisk Ending?
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DOI：
10.1037/pag0000016
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lindenberger, Ulman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gerstorf, Denis;Hueluer, Gizem;Lindenberger, Ulman
社会文化背景如何塑造个体功能是心理学研究的主要兴趣。长期增加有利于后出生的队列在流体智力措施被广泛记录为年轻人。在目前的研究中，我们使用生活在一个狭窄的地理区域的高度可比的参与者的数据来量化老年人的这种趋势，并研究这些趋势是否会推广到生活质量指标。为此，我们比较了柏林老龄化研究（1990-1993年）和柏林老龄化研究II（2013-2014年）中相隔20年获得的数据，采用病例匹配对照设计（每个队列，n = 161，M年龄= 75），使用全国代表性样本作为参考进行量化样本选择，并控制身体疾病的数量。后一个队列在流体智力测量上表现更好（d = 0.85），并且报告了比前一个队列更高的士气，更少的负面影响和更多的积极影响（ds > 0.39）。我们的结论是，长期的进步导致老年人更好的认知表现和感知的生活质量，并讨论了后期队列的优势何时以及如何达到极限。
How sociocultural contexts shape individual functioning is of prime interest for psychological inquiry. Secular increases favoring later-born cohorts in fluid intelligence measures are widely documented for young adults. In the current study, we quantified such trends in old age using data from highly comparable participants living in a narrowly defined geographical area and examined whether these trends would generalize to quality-of-life indicators. To do so, we compared data obtained 20 years apart in the Berlin Aging Study (in 1990-1993) and the Berlin Aging Study II (in 2013-2014), applied a case-matched control design (per cohort, n = 161, M-age = 75), quantified sample selection using a nationally representative sample as the reference, and controlled for number of physical diseases. The later cohort performed better on the fluid intelligence measure (d = .85) and reported higher morale, less negative affect, and more positive affect (ds > .39) than the earlier cohort. We concluded that secular advances have resulted in better cognitive performance and perceived quality of life among older adults and discuss when and how advantages of later cohorts reach their limits.