Cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate, calcium and protein phosphorylation in flagellar motility.
Cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate, calcium and protein phosphorylation in flagellar motility.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1095/biolreprod28.1.75
复制
发表时间：
1983-02
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
J. Tash;A. Means
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Tash;A. Means
cAMP和钙是精子鞭毛运动的两个重要调节因子。cAMP通过激活cAMP依赖性蛋白激酶和催化精子蛋白磷酸化来刺激精子活力。cAMP对精子活力的刺激似乎在两个不同的水平上。已有证据表明，camp依赖性磷酸化可能是启动运动性所必需的。此外，camp依赖性磷酸化似乎可以调节运动的特定参数，从而导致更高的节拍频率或更大的波幅。另一方面，当细胞内钙浓度升高到10(-6)M或更高时，会抑制鞭毛的运动。钙结合蛋白钙调蛋白似乎介导了钙对运动性的大量影响。有证据表明钙钙调蛋白可能在鞭毛膜水平参与将钙泵出鞭毛。此外，钙钙调素可能通过调节动力蛋白、atp酶和肌球蛋白轻链激酶活性参与轴突功能的控制。精子头部中cAMP依赖性蛋白激酶、钙调蛋白和肌球蛋白轻链激酶的鉴定表明，cAMP和钙依赖性磷酸化也参与了受精过程的控制，即顶体反应，其方式类似于已知的刺激/分泌偶联的控制。最后，cAMP对鞭毛运动的影响是由蛋白磷酸化介导的，而钙对鞭毛运动的影响也部分是由蛋白磷酸化介导的。
cAMP and calcium are two important regulators of sperm flagellar motility. cAMP stimulates sperm motility by activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase and catalyzing the phosphorylation of sperm proteins. The stimulation of sperm motility by cAMP appears to be at two different levels. Evidence has been presented to suggest that cAMP-dependent phosphorylations may be required in order for motility to be initiated. In addition, cAMP-dependent phosphorylation appears to modulate specific parameters of motility resulting in higher beat frequency or greater wave amplitude. Calcium, on the other hand, when elevated intracellularly to 10(-6) M or higher, inhibits flagellar motility. The calcium-binding protein, calmodulin, appears to mediate a large number of effects of calcium on motility. Evidence suggests that calcium-calmodulin may be involved at the level of the membrane to pump calcium out of the flagellum. In addition, calcium-calmodulin may be involved in the control of axonemal function by regulating dynein ATPase and myosin light chain kinase activities. The identification of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, calmodulin and myosin light chain kinase in the sperm head suggests that cAMP and calcium-dependent phosphorylations are also involved in the control of the fertilization process, i.e., the acrosome reaction, in a manner similar to that known for the control of stimulus/secretion coupling. Finally, the effects of cAMP on flagellar motility are mediated by protein phosphorylation while the effects of calcium on motility are also in part, mediated by effects on protein phosphorylation.