Long-term consequences of arsenic poisoning during infancy due to contaminated milk powder.
Long-term consequences of arsenic poisoning during infancy due to contaminated milk powder.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/1476-069x-5-31
复制
发表时间：
2006-10-31
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Grandjean P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dakeishi M;Murata K;Grandjean P
砷中毒是一个影响数百万人的全球性健康问题。接触的主要来源是被自然地质来源污染的饮用水。目前的风险评估是基于公认的砷致癌性，但神经毒性的风险被忽视了。1955年，日本婴儿中发生砷中毒，100多人死亡。污染源是森永公司生产的受污染奶粉。森永奶粉中毒事件的详细描述仅以日语发表，因此，本文概述了这一中毒事件及其长期后果。根据现有的分析，用森永奶粉制成的牛奶中的砷浓度计算为约4-7毫克/升，相当于每日剂量略高于500微克/公斤体重。使用稀释的牛奶会降低暴露量。临床中毒病例发生在暴露数周后，总剂量约为60毫克。这一经验为发育神经毒性的危害评估提供了明确的证据。据报道，目前有600多名50多岁的幸存者患有严重的后遗症，如智力迟钝、神经系统疾病和其他残疾。沿着最近对环境砷暴露儿童的流行病学研究，这些数据充分表明，在无机砷暴露的风险评估中，需要考虑神经毒性作为一个关键问题。
Arsenic toxicity is a global health problem affecting many millions of people. The main source of exposure is drinking water contaminated by natural geological sources. Current risk assessment is based on the recognized carcinogenicity of arsenic, but neurotoxic risks have been overlooked. In 1955, an outbreak of arsenic poisoning occurred among Japanese infants, with more than 100 deaths. The source was contaminated milk powder produced by the Morinaga company. Detailed accounts of the Morinaga dried milk poisoning were published in Japanese only, and an overview of this poisoning incident and its long-term consequences is therefore presented. From analyses available, the arsenic concentration in milk made from the Morinaga milk powder is calculated to be about 4–7 mg/L, corresponding to daily doses slightly above 500 μg/kg body weight. Lower exposures would result from using diluted milk. Clinical poisoning cases occurred after a few weeks of exposure, with a total dose of about 60 mg. This experience provides clear-cut evidence for hazard assessment of the developmental neurotoxicity. At the present time, more than 600 surviving victims, now in their 50s, have been reported to suffer from severe sequelae, such as mental retardation, neurological diseases, and other disabilities. Along with more recent epidemiological studies of children with environmental arsenic exposures, the data amply demonstrate the need to consider neurotoxicity as a key concern in risk assessment of inorganic arsenic exposure.