Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Hokkaido Jomon Skeletons: Remnants of Archaic Maternal Lineages at the Southwestern Edge of Former Beringia
Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Hokkaido Jomon Skeletons: Remnants of Archaic Maternal Lineages at the Southwestern Edge of Former Beringia
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.21561
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Tanaka, Masashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adachi, Noboru;Shinoda, Ken-ichi;Tanaka, Masashi
为了阐明东亚/东北亚的殖民过程以及美洲的人口，识别旧石器时代西伯利亚人的遗传特征是必不可少的。然而，迄今为止，没有关于旧石器时代西伯利亚人的遗传信息的报道。在本研究中，我们分析了从日本最北端的岛屿北海道挖掘出的绳文骨骼中回收的古代DNA，该岛屿在旧石器时代与西伯利亚南部相连。我们对它们的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）的控制区和编码区进行了详细的分析，并将54个mtDNA确定为相关的单倍型群。在这些个体中观察到单倍型群N9 b、D4 h2、G1 b和M7 a，其中N9 b为优势单倍型群。除了M7 a之外，所有这些单倍群在西伯利亚东南部人群中出现的频率都相对较高，但在亚洲东南部人群中却没有，这一事实意味着大多数北海道绳纹人是旧石器时代西伯利亚人的直系后代。N9b（ca. 22，000年）是在末次盛冰期之前或期间，这意味着在北海道的绳纹迁移的最初触发因素是在这一时期增加的冰川。有趣的是，北海道绳纹人缺乏在现今西伯利亚土著中普遍存在的特定单倍群，这意味着这些单倍群在西伯利亚的扩散可能是在绳纹时代开始之后，大约比现在早15，000年。美国物理人类学杂志146：346-360，2011. (C)2011 Wiley-Liss，Inc.
To clarify the colonizing process of East/Northeast Asia as well as the peopling of the Americas, identifying the genetic characteristics of Paleolithic Siberians is indispensable. However, no genetic information on the Paleolithic Siberians has hitherto been reported. In the present study, we analyzed ancient DNA recovered from Jomon skeletons excavated from the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, which was connected with southern Siberia in the Paleolithic period. Both the control and coding regions of their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were analyzed in detail, and we confidently assigned 54 mtDNAs to relevant haplogroups. Haplogroups N9b, D4h2, G1b, and M7a were observed in these individuals, with N9b being the predominant one. The fact that all these haplogroups, except M7a, were observed with relatively high frequencies in the southeastern Siberians, but were absent in southeastern Asian populations, implies that most of the Hokkaido Jomon people were direct descendants of Paleolithic Siberians. The coalescence time of N9b (ca. 22,000 years) was before or during the last glacial maximum, implying that the initial trigger for the Jomon migration in Hokkaido was increased glaciations during this period. Interestingly, Hokkaido Jomons lack specific haplogroups that are prevailing in present-day native Siberians, implying that diffusion of these haplogroups in Siberia might have been after the beginning of the Jomon era, about 15,000 years before present. Am J Phys Anthropol 146:346-360, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.