Spatial Clustering of Hookah Lounges, Vape Shops, and All Tobacco Retailers Near Colleges.
Spatial Clustering of Hookah Lounges, Vape Shops, and All Tobacco Retailers Near Colleges.
复制标题
水烟酒廊、电子烟商店和大学附近所有烟草零售商的空间聚集。
DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntac007
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Henriksen,Lisa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sun,DennisL;Schleicher,NinaC;Recinos,Amanda;Henriksen,Lisa
简介美国大学生吸水烟和电子烟尼古丁的比例高于其他年轻人。大学附近的水烟休息室和电子烟商店的密度和/或接近度已经被描述，但这项研究是第一个测试烟草零售商是否在空间上聚集在大学校园附近的研究。 目标和方法我们为加利福尼亚州的社区学院和四年制大学创建了空间形状文件，并将其与水烟休息室、电子烟商店和授权烟草零售商的列表链接起来。我们模拟了 100 个数据集，根据人口密度的比例将水烟休息室、电子烟商店和烟草零售商随机放置在人口普查区域中。使用零售类别中每个零售商的半径 (r) 计算 Ripley’s K 函数的修改版本。 结果在 2018-2019 年，50.5% 的水烟休息室 (n= 479)、42.5% 的电子烟商店 (n= 2467) 和 42.0% 的所有烟草零售商 (n= 31 100) 位于社区大学 3 英里范围内。空间聚集显着（p < .05），水烟休息室至少 0.4 英里，电子烟商店至少 0.1 英里，所有烟草零售商至少 0.3 英里。对于四年制大学来说，大约 46.8% 的水烟休息室、31.3% 的电子烟商店和 31.6% 的烟草零售商都位于 3 英里以内。水烟休息室的集群距离为 0.2 英里，所有烟草零售商的集群距离为 1.3 英里，但对于电子烟商店而言并不显着。 结论 有证据表明，某些类型的烟草零售商集群在社区大学和四年制大学附近，这意味着学生更容易接触到广告并接触到广告。这也令人担忧，因为大学附近可能存在更高的未成年人烟草销售可能性。 影响 先前的研究表明，水烟休息室和电子烟商店由于密度高且距离校园更近而聚集在大学附近。这项研究修改了传统的空间聚类测试，并将社区学院与四年制大学分开考虑。水烟休息室和所有授权烟草零售商的空间聚集在两种类型的校园附近都很明显，但电子烟商店仅聚集在社区大学附近。限制烟草零售密度的基于地点的策略可以将禁止学校附近烟草销售的州和地方法律扩大到包括大学校园附近的零售商。此外，大学环境应该成为减少水烟和尼古丁电子烟的目标。
IntroductionUS college students smoke hookah and vape nicotine at higher rates than other young adults. Density and/or proximity of hookah lounges and vape shops near colleges has been described, but this study is the first to test whether tobacco retailers spatially cluster near college campuses.Aims and MethodsWe created and linked spatial shapefiles for community colleges and 4-year colleges in California with lists of hookah lounges, vape shops, and licensed tobacco retailers. We simulated 100 datasets, placing hookah lounges, vape shops, and tobacco retailers randomly in census tracts in proportion to population density. A modified version of Ripley’sK-function was computed using the radius (r) from each retailer within retail category.ResultsIn 2018-2019, 50.5% of hookah lounges (n= 479), 42.5% of vape shops (n= 2467), and 42.0% of all tobacco retailers (n= 31 100) were located within 3 miles of a community college. Spatial clustering was significant (p< .05) from at least 0.4 miles for hookah lounges, 0.1 mile for vape shops, and 0.3 miles for all tobacco retailers. For 4-year colleges, approximately 46.8% of hookah lounges, 31.3% of vape shops, and 31.6% of all tobacco retailers were located within 3 miles. Clustering was significant from 0.2 miles for hookah lounges and 1.3 miles for all tobacco retailers but was not significant for vape shops.ConclusionsEvidence that some types of tobacco retailers cluster near community colleges and 4-year colleges implies greater accessibility and exposure to advertising for students. It is also concerning because a higher probability of underage tobacco sales presumably exists near colleges.ImplicationsPrior studies infer that hookah lounges and vape shops cluster near colleges from the density and closer proximity to campuses. This study modified a traditional test of spatial clustering and considered community colleges separately from 4-year universities. Spatial clustering of hookah lounges and all licensed tobacco retailers was evident near both types of campuses, but vape shops clustered only near community colleges. Place-based strategies to limit tobacco retail density could expand state and local laws that prohibit tobacco sales near schools to include retailers near college campuses. In addition, college environments should be a target for reducing hookah smoking and nicotine vaping.