Family relationships, social support and subjective life expectancy.
Family relationships, social support and subjective life expectancy.
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DOI：
10.2307/3090238
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发表时间：
2002-12
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
C. Ross;J. Mirowsky
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Ross;J. Mirowsky
支持性的人际关系是否会增加主观预期寿命？家庭关系的客观存在和在需要时有人可以求助的主观感觉，可以通过创造对未来的保证，通过加强健康的习惯和改善当前的健康状况来延长一个人的预期寿命。使用1995年的老龄化，状态和控制感代表性样本，2,037名18 - 95岁的美国人，我们发现，有成年子女和幸存的父母会增加预期寿命，但家中的年幼子女不会，婚姻只会延长老年男性的预期寿命。当人们报告高水平的情感支持时，他们希望活得更长，这种联系完全是由一个人生病时有人可以拜访的感觉介导的。获得非正规保健支助的人预期寿命比没有这种支助的人长，对于身体有缺陷的人来说尤其如此。虽然非正式的健康实践塑造主观预期寿命，他们解释支持关系的影响很小。吸烟、酗酒和营养不良的人预期寿命较短，而步行和锻炼的人预期寿命较长。更好的当前健康状况与更高的主观预期寿命相关，但它不能解释支持关系的影响。支持性关系的大部分影响似乎是对未来的预期安全的直接结果。如果你觉得自己生病了，有人会照顾你，这似乎会增加你在未来健康危机中生存的安全感，从而增加一个人对生命本身这一基本财产的感知。
Do supportive personal relationships increase subjective life expectancy? The objective existence of family relationships and the subjective sense of having someone to call on in need may increase the length of life a person expects by creating assurance about the future, by reinforcing healthy habits, and by improving current health. Using the 1995 Aging, Status, and Sense of Control representative sample of 2,037 Americans ages 18-95, we find that having adult children and surviving parents increases the length of life one expects, but young children in the home does not, and marriage only contributes years of life expected for older men. People expect to live longer when they report high levels of emotional support, and the association is mediated entirely by the perception that one has someone to call on when one is sick. People with informal health support expect to live longer than those without it, and this is especially true for persons with physical impairments. Although informal health practices shape subjective life expectancy, they explain little of the effects of supportive relationships. People who smoke, drink heavily, and have poor nutritional habits expect shorter lives, and those who walk and exercise expect longer lives. Better current health is associated with higher subjective life expectancy, but it does not explain the impact of supportive relationships. Most of the impact of supportive relationships appears to be a direct result of projected security about the future. Feeling that you have someone who would care for you if sick appears to increase the sense of security about surviving future health crises, thereby increasing one's perceived inventory of the essential property--life itself.