Discovery and validation of candidate smoltification gene expression biomarkers across multiple species and ecotypes of Pacific salmonids
Discovery and validation of candidate smoltification gene expression biomarkers across multiple species and ecotypes of Pacific salmonids
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DOI：
10.1093/conphys/coz051
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发表时间：
2019-10-11
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Miller, Kristina M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Houde, Aimee Lee S.;Gunther, Oliver P.;Miller, Kristina M.
幼鲑鱼的早期海洋生存与其在银化和进入海洋期间的生理状况密切相关。小鲑鱼化（小鲑鱼转化）是一个发育过程，使鲑鱼获得海水耐受性，为海洋生活做好准备。传统上，这种发育过程是使用鳃Na+/K+-ATP酶（NKA）活性或血浆激素来监测的，但鳃基因表达提供了另一种方法的可能性。在这里，我们通过比较微阵列研究来描述从鳃组织中发现用于分期银化的候选基因，特别关注溯河产卵的虹鳟鱼和红鲑鱼数据集之间的共性，以及涵盖更多物种的文献比较。主要来自微阵列分析的 37 个候选基因的子集用于 TaqMan 定量 PCR 测定设计，并使用来自四组的鳃样本验证了它们的表达模式，代表三个物种和两个生态型：银鲑鱼、红鲑鱼、溪流型奇努克鲑鱼和海洋型奇努克鲑鱼。通过这四组的一致变化来测量，最好的银化生物标志物是涉及离子调节、氧运输和免疫的基因。银化基因表达模式（使用前 10 个生物标志物）与 NKA 活性显着相关，并与身体亮度、尾鳍暗度和尾柄长度的变化相关。我们整合了一项同伴研究中急性海水转移的小鲑鱼前、小鲑鱼和去小鲑鱼试验的基因表达模式，以开发海洋型奇努克鲑鱼的初步海水耐受性分类模型。这项工作证明了基因表达生物标志物对分阶段小鲑鱼化和将幼鱼分类为小鲑鱼前期、小鲑鱼或去小鲑鱼的潜力。
Early marine survival of juvenile salmon is intimately associated with their physiological condition during smoltification and ocean entry. Smoltification (parr-smolt transformation) is a developmental process that allows salmon to acquire seawater tolerance in preparation for marine living. Traditionally, this developmental process has been monitored using gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity or plasma hormones, but gill gene expression offers the possibility of another method. Here, we describe the discovery of candidate genes from gill tissue for staging smoltification using comparisons of microarray studies with particular focus on the commonalities between anadromous Rainbow trout and Sockeye salmon datasets, as well as a literature comparison encompassing more species. A subset of 37 candidate genes mainly from the microarray analyses was used for TaqMan quantitative PCR assay design and their expression patterns were validated using gill samples from four groups, representing three species and two ecotypes: Coho salmon, Sockeye salmon, stream-type Chinook salmon and ocean-type Chinook salmon. The best smoltification biomarkers, as measured by consistent changes across these four groups, were genes involved in ion regulation, oxygen transport and immunity. Smoltification gene expression patterns (using the top 10 biomarkers) were confirmedby significant correlations with NKA activity and were associated with changes in body brightness, caudal fin darkness and caudal peduncle length. We incorporate gene expression patterns of pre-smolt, smolt and de-smolt trials from acute seawater transfers from a companion study to develop a preliminary seawater tolerance classification model for ocean-type Chinook salmon. This work demonstrates the potential of gene expression biomarkers to stage smoltification and classify juveniles as pre-smolt, smolt or de-smolt.