The global state of early child development: from epidemiology to interventions.
The global state of early child development: from epidemiology to interventions.
复制标题
全球早期儿童发展状况：从流行病学到干预措施。
DOI：
10.1136/archdischild-2022-323895
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Fernandes M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fernandes M
在全球范围内，五分之一的儿童面临着在5岁之前无法实现其发展潜力的风险1。此外，新冠肺炎大流行导致先前在儿童早期发展方面取得的进展出现相当大的倒退。2国际儿童健康组织是皇家儿科和儿童健康学院的一个特殊利益集团；其2021年会议试图回答这样一个问题：全球儿童疾病是无声的紧急情况，还是一个独特的机会，或者两者兼而有之。3会议的主题包括：幼儿疾病流行病学；毒性应激对早期大脑发育的影响；应用转化神经科学确定早期干预的目标；以社区为基础的家长主导的干预措施，以挽救高危群体的神经认知；对幼儿疾病的早期投资的经济效益以及新冠肺炎大流行对家庭生活和儿童发育的影响。来自12个国家的主要全球专家发表了演讲，其中包括来自儿童基金会和世卫组织的代表，以及临床医生、非政府组织、现场工作人员、家长和护理人员，他们都参与了幼儿疾病的日常生活。会议主旨演讲的摘要作为补编出版(https://adc.BMJ。Com/Content/107/suppl_1)。为了促进与全球临床、学术和公共卫生界的接触，对来自低收入和中等收入国家的所有参与者免收注册费。此外，会议采用了一种混合模式，来自43个国家的250多名与会者虚拟地参加了会议，来自斯洛伐克布拉迪斯拉发和尼日利亚伊巴丹的会议中心的10名与会者组成的小团体参加了会议。会议的总体信息是谨慎乐观的。虽然幼儿发展仍然是一项全球性挑战，尤其是在快速变化的社会背景下，但在大脑可塑性的背景下，幼儿期确实是一个机会之窗，在此期间，(1)不同人群之间大脑生长发育的相似之处大大超过它们之间的差异4和(2)看似简单且可能可推广的干预措施，如“吃、玩、爱”和“负责任的育儿”，可以对高危儿童的生命轨迹产生有益和持久的结果。会议结束时，发言者和与会者一致一致认为，必须对幼儿保育和发展进行投资，使子孙后代能够充分发挥其潜力。会议举办了一场以国际ECD为主题的创意艺术大赛，展示了来自世界各地的摄影、视频、绘画、诗歌和其他艺术作品。非政府组织CESTA von(图1)的获奖作品题为“希望”，介绍了CESTA von与斯洛伐克东部和中部处境不利的罗姆人社区的母亲们正在进行的工作，通过亲子脑刺激干预改善孩子的神经认知和教育结果。
Globally, one in five children are at risk of not achieving their developmental potential by their 5th birthday 1. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in considerable setback in previous progress in early child development (ECD). 2 The International Child Health Group is a special interest group of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health; its 2021 conference sought to answer the question of whether the global state ECD is a silent emergency, a unique opportunity, or perhaps both. 3 The conference featured keynote lectures on themes spanning the epidemiology of ECD; the effects of toxic stress on early brain development; the application of translational neuroscience to identifying targets for early intervention; community-based parentdriven interventions to rescue neurocognition in at-risk groups; the economic benefits of early investment into ECD and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on family life and child development. Presentations were delivered by leading global experts from 12 countries, including representatives from UNICEF and the WHO alongside clinicians, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), field workers, parents and carers, all involved in the everyday reality of ECD. Abstracts for the conference’s keynote lectures are published as a supplement (https://adc. bmj. com/content/107/Suppl_1). To promote engagement with clinical, academic and public health communities globally, registration fees were waived for all participants from low-income and middle-income countries. Additionally, the conference adopted a hybrid model with over 250 participants from 43 countries attending sessions virtually, and small socially distanced groups of 10 attendees attending from the conference hubs in Bratislava, Slovakia and Ibadan, Nigeria. The conference’s overall message was cautiously optimistic. While ECD remains a global challenge, especially in the context of rapidly changing societies, early childhood is indeed a window of opportunity in the context of brain plasticity during which (1) similarities in brain growth and development between populations greatly outweigh the differences between them 4 and (2) seemingly simple and potentially scalable interventions, such as ‘Eat Play Love’and ‘Responsive Parenting’, can have beneficial and enduring outcomes on the life course trajectories of children at risk. The event concluded with unanimous consensus between speakers and participants that investment into ECD is imperative to enable future generations to achieve their full potential. The conference hosted a Creative Arts competition on the theme of international ECD featuring photography, videos, paintings, poetry and other artistic submissions from across the world. The prize-winning entry by the NGO CESTA VON (figure 1) was entitled ‘Hope’and featured CESTA VON’s ongoing work with mothers from disadvantaged Roma communities in Eastern and Central Slovakia to improve the neurocognitive and educational outcomes of their children through a parent-child brain stimulation intervention.