Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
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DOI：
10.1142/9789814374231_0005
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发表时间：
2006-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Moshe Gitterman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Moshe Gitterman
本章的目的是介绍一种可以用来描述粒子及其相互作用的相对论形式。重点是那些形式主义的元素，这些元素可以延续到相对论量子场（RQF），它支撑着高能粒子物理的理论框架。我们从狭义相对论的简要总结开始，集中讨论4向量和旋量。接着是单粒子态和它们的洛伦兹变换，得到了克莱恩-戈登方程和狄拉克概率振幅方程；即相对论量子力学（RQM）。想要快速了解RQM而不学习其狭义相对论基础的读者可以跳过前几节，从1.3节开始阅读。讨论了RQM的内在问题，界定了RQM的适用范围。构造了自由粒子波函数，用粒子的概率流描述了粒子间的相互作用。引入规范对称来推导粒子与经典规范场的相互作用。
Chapter summary 36 The aim of this chapter is to introduce a relativistic formalism which can be used to describe particles and their interactions. The emphasis is given to those elements of the formalism which can be carried on to Relativistic Quantum Fields (RQF), which underpins the theoretical framework of high energy particle physics. We begin with a brief summary of special relativity, concentrating on 4-vectors and spinors. One-particle states and their Lorentz transformations follow, leading to the Klein–Gordon and the Dirac equations for probability amplitudes; i.e. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics (RQM). Readers who want to get to RQM quickly, without studying its foundation in special relativity can skip the first sections and start reading from the section 1.3. Intrinsic problems of RQM are discussed and a region of applicability of RQM is defined. Free particle wave functions are constructed and particle interactions are described using their probability currents. A gauge symmetry is introduced to derive a particle interaction with a classical gauge field.