Photoreceptor twist: a solution to the false-color problem.
Photoreceptor twist: a solution to the false-color problem.
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感光器扭曲：假色问题的解决方案。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.90.9.4132
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发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
G. D. Bernard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Wehner;G. D. Bernard
在蜜蜂和许多其他昆虫中，大多数光感受器像开瓶器一样扭曲。在这里，我们证明昆虫眼睛的这种结构特征（多年来其存在一直是争议的根源）对于颜色信息的可靠编码是必要的。从蜡质植物表面反射的光部分是线性偏振的。此外，昆虫感光膜是二向色的，因此对植物表面产生的偏振眩光敏感。综合起来，这两种现象造成了严重的假色问题：在蜜蜂的三色视觉系统中，植物特定部分的颜色值不仅会受到光谱的影响，还会受到反射表面的偏振特性的影响。正如光谱测量和光学分析所证明的那样，如果蜜蜂拥有笔直且高度“偏振敏感”的感光器，则植物给定表面的色调将随着照明方向和蜜蜂视线的变化而发生巨大变化。然而，这种假色问题在光感受器中得到了完全克服，光感受器的扭曲程度与我们发现的工蜂眼睛中发生的扭曲程度完全相同。
In bees and many other insects the majority of photoreceptors are twisted like a corkscrew. Here we show that this structural feature of insect eyes-whose very existence was a source of dispute for several years-is necessary for reliable encoding of information about color. Light reflected from waxy plant surfaces is partially linearly polarized. Moreover, insect photoreceptor membranes are dichroic and thus sensitive to the polarized glare originating from plant surfaces. Taken together, these two phenomena create a serious false-color problem: in the bee's trichromatic color vision system, the color values of a particular part of a plant could be affected not only by the spectral but also by the polarization properties of the reflecting surface. As demonstrated by spectroscopic measurements and optical analyses, the hue of color of a given surface of a plant would change dramatically with the direction of illumination and the bee's line of sight, if the bee possessed straight and thus highly "polarization-sensitive" photoreceptors. However, this false-color problem is overcome completely in photoreceptors that are twisted by exactly the amount we have found to occur in the worker-bee's eye.