The concentrations and composition of and exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) in the Helsinki subway system
The concentrations and composition of and exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) in the Helsinki subway system
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.05.012
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Jantunen, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aarnio, P;Yli-Tuomi, T;Jantunen, M
细颗粒物（PM2.5）和颗粒数浓度监测期间，在赫尔辛基地铁系统在2004年3月为期两周的测量活动。分析PM2.5样品的元素组成和碳含量。两个地下地铁站的日间PM2.5平均浓度分别为47（+/- 4）和60（+/- 18）μ gm（-3），地面站和地铁站的平均浓度分别为19（+/- 6）和21（+/- 4）μ gm（-3）地铁汽车内。在同一测量期间，市区背景及3个街道峡谷监测点的相应PM2.5浓度分别为10（+/- 7）及17（+/- 10）μ g（-3.）地下地铁站的颗粒数（D < 500 nm）浓度和粒径分布与城市背景监测点的测量结果非常相似，表明该粒径的颗粒来源是街道交通。白天的平均颗粒数浓度为31000（+/-14000）个颗粒cm（-3），而在城市背景监测点（D < 320 nm）为27000（+/-17000）个颗粒cm（-3）。白天平均黑碳浓度为6.3（+/- 1.8）μ gm（-3），元素碳浓度4.0（+/- 2.0）和有机碳7.4（+/- 1.6）μ gm（-3）。PM2.5样品中最富集的元素是铁，其浓度由地面地铁站的0.7（+/- 0.3）μ gm（-3）至地下地铁站的29（+/- 7）μ gm（-3）不等。其他富集元素包括Mn、Cr、Ni和Cu。我们计算出，每天30分钟的通勤+ 9分钟的停留在车站相比，留在城市交通环境中的PM2.5质量的暴露仅增加了约3%，但PM2.5中的铁暴露增加了近200%，锰60%，铜40%。(c)2005爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and particle number concentrations were monitored in the Helsinki subway system during a two-weeks' measurement campaign in March 2004. The PM2.5 samples was analysed for elemental composition and carbon fraction. The average daytime PM2.5 concentrations were 47 (+/- 4) and 60 (+/- 18) mu gm(-3) at the two underground subway stations and 19 (+/- 6) and 21 (+/- 4) mu gm(-3) at a ground level station and in subway cars, respectively. For the same measurement period, the corresponding PM2.5 concentrations at the urban background and 3 street canyon monitoring sites were 10 (+/- 7) and 17 (+/- 10) mu gm(-3.)The particle number (D < 500 nm) concentrations and size distributions at the underground subway station were very similar to those measured at the urban background monitoring site indicating that the source of particles of this size is street traffic. The average daytime particle number concentration was 31000 (+/- 14 000) particles cm(-3) compared to 27 000 (+/- 17 000) particles cm(-3) at an urban background monitoring site (D < 320 nm). The average daytime black carbon concentration was 6.3 (+/- 1.8) mu gm(-3), the concentration of elemental carbon 4.0 (+/- 2.0) and organic carbon 7.4 (+/- 1.6) mu gm(-3).The most enriched element in PM2.5 samples was iron, the concentration of which ranged from 0.7 (+/- 0.3) mu gm(-3) at the ground level subway station to 29 (+/- 7)mu gm(-3) at the underground subway station. Other enriched elements included Mn, Cr, Ni, and Cu. We calculated that 30 min commuting + 9 min stay at the stations per day increased the exposure to PM2.5 mass by only approximately 3% compared to staying in urban traffic environment, but the exposure to iron in PM2.5 increased nearly 200%, to Mn 60%, and to Cu 40%. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.