Tripping without falling;: lower limb strength, a limitation for balance recovery and a target for training in the elderly
Tripping without falling;: lower limb strength, a limitation for balance recovery and a target for training in the elderly
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jelekin.2007.06.004
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发表时间：
2008-04-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Van Dieen, Jaap H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pijnappels, Mirjarn;Reeves, Neil D.;Van Dieen, Jaap H.
为了减少老年人的福尔斯跌倒次数，我们需要了解跌倒的机制，谁有跌倒的风险，以及什么干预措施可以防止这些人跌倒。本文概述了我们最近对老年人绊倒和肌肉力量的研究，解决这些问题。为了防止跌倒后绊倒的障碍，高要求对下肢肌肉。结果表明，支撑肢在平衡恢复过程中起着重要的作用，通过在蹬地过程中产生适当的关节力矩。与年轻人相比，老年人所有支撑肢体关节的力矩产生率较低，脚踝峰值力矩也较低。由于力量随着年龄的增长而下降（由于肌肉，肌腱和神经的变化），腿部肌肉力量可能是防止跌倒的限制因素。事实上，高风险的跌倒者可以根据最大腿部压力推离力的能力来识别。阻力训练可以逆转与年龄相关的力量损失。因此，在一小群老年人中研究了16周阻力训练对绊倒反应的影响。最大推离力通过训练显著增加。此外，训练者在绊倒后的瞬间生成方面比对照组改善得更多，特别是在脚踝周围。因此，将抗阻训练的效果转化为平衡恢复是可行的。(C)2007爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
To reduce the number of falls in old age, we need to understand the mechanisms underpinning a fall, who are at risk of falling, and what interventions can prevent such individuals from falling. This paper provides an overview of our recent research on tripping and muscle strength in the elderly, addressing these questions. To prevent a fall after tripping over an obstacle, high demands are posed on lower limb muscles. It was shown that the support limb plays an important role in balance recovery by generating the appropriate joint moments during push-off. Older individuals show lower rates of moment generation in all support limb joints and a lower peak ankle moment than young adults. As strength declines with age (due to muscular, tendinous and neural alterations), leg muscle strength might be the limiting factor in preventing a fall. Indeed, high-risk fallers could be identified based on maximum leg press push-off force capacity. Resistance training can reverse the ageing-related loss of strength. Therefore, the effects of 16-weeks resistance training on tripping reactions were studied in a small group of elderly. Maximum push-off force increased significantly by training. Moreover, trainers improved more than controls in moment generation after tripping, especially around the ankle. It can be concluded that transfer of resistance training effects to balance recovery is feasible. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.