CAVITATION AND THE INFLUENCE OF HEADSHAPE IN ATTACK OF THICK TARGETS BY NON-DEFORMING PROJECTILES
CAVITATION AND THE INFLUENCE OF HEADSHAPE IN ATTACK OF THICK TARGETS BY NON-DEFORMING PROJECTILES
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DOI：
10.1016/0022-5096(80)90019-8
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发表时间：
1980-01-01
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
HILL, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HILL, R
这是我在第二次世界大战期间的一些科学工作的记录。1943年5月至1946年3月，我受雇于供应部，在肯特的塞文奥克斯附近的霍尔斯特德堡的军备研究部工作。在各种各样的任务中，我研究了非常厚的装甲对碳化钨弹芯的攻击的抵抗力。我的注意力集中在头部形状的影响，在打击速度的上限范围内，然后达到或设想（1.0至1.5 x lo3米sl）。虽然弹芯本身在这个范围内没有变形，但它们在正入射时打出的孔略呈钟形，因此在进入附近大于口径直径（这实际上只有在弹芯没有由通常的弹托携带时才明显，因为通常的弹托会对靶面造成掩蔽损伤）。我把这种现象称为气穴现象，借用了流体力学的术语。空穴似乎可能会严重降低反坦克武器的性能，因为孔的增强膨胀吸收了动能，否则这些动能将用于穿透。因此，目标变形的力学必须发展到头部形状的作用可以逼真地模拟的程度。我最初的研究，包括对实验室和实地的特别测试的详尽分析，在四份正式报告中详细阐述。在这里，我提出了理论的最终版本和主要实验结果的大纲。为了避免时代错误，我没有试图放大数学（除了偶尔的细节），也没有搜索早期文献的同源工作。尽管如此，从对工程塑性的一般了解来看，我相信金属中的这种空穴现象在这35年中并没有得到彻底的处理。毫无疑问，这部分是因为军事终端弹道学活动已经转向超高速攻击，导弹本身变形，整个物理性质不同。1980年，伦敦，英国皇家文书局局长.
THIS is an account of some scientific work of mine during the Second World War. Between May 1943 and March 1946 I was employed by the Ministry of Supply in the Armament Research Department at Fort Halstead near Sevenoaks in Kent. Among a variety of assignments, I investigated the resistance of very thick armour to attack by projectiles with tungsten-carbide cores. My attention focussed on the influence of headshape in the upper range of striking velocities then attainable or contemplated(1.0 to 1.5 x lo3 m sl). Although the cores themselves did not deform in this range, the holes they made at normal incidence were slightly bell-shapedhence more than calibre diameter near entry (this was virtually obvious only when the core was not carried by the usual sabot which caused masking damage to the target surface). This phenomenon I called cavitation, borrowing the term from hydrodynamics. It appeared likely that cavitation could seriously degrade the performance of anti-tank weapons, because the enhanced expansion of a hole absorbed kinetic energy that otherwise would have gone towards penetration. Accordingly, a mechanics of target deformation had to be developed to the point where the role of headshape could be modelled realistically. My original studies, which included exhaustive analyses of ad hoc tests in the laboratory and in the field, are set out at length in four official reports. Here I present the final version of the theory and an outline of the principal experimental findings. To avoid anachronism, I have not attempted to amplify the mathematics (save for an occasional detail) nor have I searched the earlier literature for cognate work. Nonetheless, from a general acquaintance with engineering plasticity, I am persuaded that such cavitation in metals has not been comparably treated during the intervening thirty-five years. No doubt this is in part because military terminal-ballistics activity had turned to hypervelocity attack, where the missile itself deforms and the entire physics is different in kind. t ‘0 Controller Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, 1980.