Effects of Climatic Conditions and Soil Properties on Cabernet Sauvignon Berry Growth and Anthocyanin Profiles
Effects of Climatic Conditions and Soil Properties on Cabernet Sauvignon Berry Growth and Anthocyanin Profiles
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DOI：
10.3390/molecules190913683
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Zhang, Zhen-Wen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheng, Guo;He, Yan-Nan;Zhang, Zhen-Wen
气候条件和土壤类型对葡萄的成熟和葡萄酒品质有重要影响。该研究是在2011年和2012年两个年份（中国半干旱的葡萄酒产区新疆）的两个“赤霞珠”葡萄园进行的。结果表明，土壤和气候对浆果生长和花青素含量有影响。这两个地方相距不到5公里，土壤的物理和化学成分不同。对于每个葡萄园来说，花青素浓度的差异，以及两年间浆果生长和成分的参数的差异，可以由不同的气候条件来解释。通过对两个葡萄园同一年浆果组成和花青素分布差异的调查，研究了土壤效应，这主要是由土壤性质、葡萄藤水分和氮状况的不同造成的。具体而言，水分和有机质含量较低的土壤使葡萄的果穗更疏松，果皮更重，TSS更高，这是葡萄表现优异的原因。与2011年相比，2012年每个葡萄园花青素浓度的增加可能是由于极端温度（约35摄氏度）天数和降雨量减少，葡萄藤水分状况和氮水平降低。水分和有机质较少的土壤中葡萄果皮中花青素含量较高的解释可能是葡萄的状态差异，收获时果实重量较轻，果皮重量较重。特别是，来自含水量和有机质较少的土壤的葡萄具有更高水平的3‘5’取代，o -甲基化和酰基化花青素，这代表了一个积极的特征，赋予未来相应的葡萄酒更稳定的色素沉着。本研究阐明了气候和土壤对浆果生长和花青素含量的影响，从而为不同地区优质酿酒葡萄的生产提供指导。
Climatic conditions and soil type have significant influence on grape ripening and wine quality. The reported study was conducted in two "Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.V)" vineyards located in Xinjiang, a semiarid wine-producing region of China during two vintages (2011 and 2012). The results indicate that soil and climate affected berry growth and anthocyanin profiles. These two localities were within a distance of 5 km from each other and had soils of different physical and chemical composition. For each vineyard, the differences of anthocyanin concentrations, and parameters concerning berry growth and composition between the two years could be explained by different climatic conditions. Soil effect was studied by investigation of differences in berry composition and anthocyanin profiles between the two vineyards in the same year, which could be explained mainly by the different soil properties, vine water and nitrogen status. Specifically, the soils with less water and organic matter produced looser clusters, heavier berry skins and higher TSS, which contributed to the excellent performance of grapes. Compared with 2011, the increases in anthocyanin concentrations for each vineyard in 2012 could be attributed to smaller number of extreme temperature (>35 degrees C) days and rainfall, lower vine water status and N level. The explanation for higher anthocyanin concentrations in grape skins from the soils with less water and organic matter could be the vine status differences, lighter berry weight and heavier skin weight at harvest. In particular, grapes from the soils with less water and organic matter had higher levels of 3'5'-substituded, O-methylated and acylated anthocyanins, which represented a positive characteristic conferring more stable pigmentation to the corresponding wine in the future. The present work clarifies the effects of climate and soil on berry growth and anthocyanin profiles, thus providing guidance for production of high-quality wine grapes in different regions.