Surveillance of the overall consumption of antibacterial drugs in humans, domestic animals and farmed fish in Norway in 1992 and 1996
Surveillance of the overall consumption of antibacterial drugs in humans, domestic animals and farmed fish in Norway in 1992 and 1996
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DOI：
10.1093/jac/43.2.243
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发表时间：
1999-02-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Ronning, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grave, K;Lingaas, E;Ronning, M
根据批发商和饲料厂的销售统计数据估计，挪威抗菌药物的年度总消费量分为人类使用、家畜使用和养殖鱼类使用。挪威代表药品管理局定期公布关于人用药中药物消费的全面数据。这些数据，包括抗菌药物的使用，表示为限定日剂量(DDD)/1000居民/年。DDD不能用于比较人用药和兽药中的抗生素用量，因为只有几种兽药可以计算这种数据。到目前为止，唯一可以获得数据的参数是以公斤为单位的活性物质使用量，这是本研究中选择的测量单位。据发现，挪威抗菌药物的年总销售额，包括抗菌和离子载体饲料添加剂，从1992年的77吨下降到1996年的49吨，减少了37%。1996年，人类药物、动物和养鱼的使用量分别为35吨、13吨和1吨。1992年至1996年期间，用于人类医药的年用量保持不变，但用于养鱼的治疗用量下降了96%。在家畜中，用于治疗和用作饲料添加剂的用量分别下降了17%和5%。在研究期间，面临风险的人类和家畜种群的规模几乎保持不变，而面临风险的养殖鱼类的生物量（重量）增加了50%至100%。这表明，在研究期间，挪威抗菌药物的绝对消费量和相对消费量均大幅下降。根据一般建议，人类和家畜使用抗菌药物的情况已发生变化，更倾向于使用青霉素类药物。在养殖鱼类中使用抗菌药物的减少几乎完全是由于采用了预防糠菌病的油佐剂疫苗。综上所述，家畜抗菌药物使用量的下降和药物选择的变化主要是由于遵医嘱用药行为的改变。此外，与大多数其他国家相比，挪威抗菌药物的总体使用量非常低，并且在20世纪90年代期间显著减少。
The annual overall consumption of antibacterial drugs in Norway, categorized into human use, use in domestic animals and in farmed fish, was estimated from wholesaler and feed-mill sales statistics. Comprehensive data on drug consumption in human medicine in Norway are published on a regular basis on behalf of the drug authorities. These data, including use of antibacterial drugs, are expressed as the number of defined daily doses (DDD)/1000 inhabitants/year. DDD cannot be employed to compare antibiotic consumption in human and veterinary medicine as it is possible to calculate such data for only a few veterinary drugs. The only parameter for which data are generally available, so far, is the amount used in kilograms of active substance, which is the unit of measurement chosen in this study. It was found that annual overall sales of antibacterial drugs in Norway, including antibacterial and ionophore feed additives, decreased from 77 tonnes in 1992 to 49 tonnes in 1996, a 37% reduction. The use in 1996 in human medicine, animals and farmed fish was 35 tonnes, 13 tonnes and 1 tonne, respectively. While the annual amounts used in human medicine remained unchanged from 1992 to 1996, therapeutic use in fish farming declined by 96%. In domestic animals, therapeutic use and use as feed additives declined by 17% and 5%, respectively. During the study period, the size of the human and domestic animal populations at risk remained almost constant, while the biomass (weight) of farmed fish at risk increased by >100%. This implies that both the absolute and relative consumption of antibacterial drugs in Norway decreased substantially during the study period. The use of antibacterial drugs, both in humans and in domestic animals, has changed in favour of penicillins, this being in accordance with general recommendations. The reduction in the use of antibacterial drugs in farmed fish has been almost solely due to the introduction of oil-adjuvanted vaccines against furuncolosis. It is concluded that the decline in the amount of antibacterial drugs used in domestic animals, and the changes with regard to choice of drugs, could be mainly attributed to changes in prescribing behaviour following advice and recommendations. Moreover, the overall use of antibacterial drugs in Norway is very low compared with that in most other countries and has been significantly reduced during the 1990s.