Effect of variation in objective resource value on extreme male combat in a quasi-gregarious species, Anastatus disparis
Effect of variation in objective resource value on extreme male combat in a quasi-gregarious species, Anastatus disparis
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客观资源价值的变化对准群居物种Anastatus disparis的极端雄性战斗的影响
DOI：
10.1186/s12898-019-0237-9
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发表时间：
2019-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hao De Jun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu Peng Cheng;Hao De Jun
背景：攻击性行为在动物界中很常见，它们争夺领土、食物和配偶等资源。资源价值是影响战斗行为的最重要的非战略因素，并且可能因比赛和参赛者而异。通常，当资源价值发生变化时，参赛者会调整他们的战斗行为，并且由于潜在的破坏性和能量消耗，大多数物种的个体通常会避免冲突升级。然而，在准群居卵寄生蜂Anastatus disparis（膜翅目：Eupelmidae）中，交配是宝贵的资源，雌性只交配一次；因此，即使在雌性不在场的情况下，雄性也会经常采取极端的战斗行为来获得交配机会。在本研究中，我们试图测试该物种的雄性是否有能力根据雌性客观价值的变化来调整其战斗行为。 结果：我们的结果表明，A. disparis 的客观资源价值可能受到雌性交配状态的影响，而不是受繁殖力的影响。与大量实证研究相一致的是，雄性大蝽会根据争夺资源的价值来调整自己的战斗行为：雄性为了获得与未交配的雌性的交配机会而显着提高战斗强度，但为了获得与雌性的交配机会而降低了战斗强度。我们还发现，视觉线索和身体性接触似乎在决定雄性检测雌性交配状态变化的能力方面发挥着作用，而不是化学线索。结论：我们的研究表明，尽管在这个物种中，雄性已经进化出极端的战斗行为，并且雌性是宝贵的资源，但雄性在与雌性的交配竞争中并不总是升级战斗行为。雄性A.disparis能够检测和估计宝贵的资源和资源价值的变化，从而调整自己的战斗行为，在一定程度上避免了随之而来的战斗成本。
Background:Aggressive behaviour is widely observed in animal kingdom, which compete for resources such as territory, food and mates. Resource value is the most important non-strategic factor influencing fighting behaviour, and may vary among contests and contestants. Usually, contestants adjust their fighting behaviour when the resource value changes, and as potentially damaging and energetically costly, individuals of most species usually avoid conflict escalation. However, in a quasi-gregarious egg parasitoid, Anastatus disparis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), mates are valuable resources and females mate only once; thus, males engage in frequently extreme combat behaviour to acquire mating opportunities, even in the absence of females. In this study, we attempted to test whether males of this species have the ability to adjust their fighting behaviour in response to changes in the objective value of female.Results:Our results suggested that objective resource value in A. disparis is likely to be influenced by female mating status rather than by fecundity. Consistent with a number of empirical studies, A. disparis males adjusted their fighting behaviour according to the value of the contested resources: males significantly increased their fighting intensity to acquire mating opportunities with virgin females but decreased their fighting intensity for mated females. We also found that rather than chemical cues, visual cues and physical sexual contact appear to play a role in determining males' ability to detect variation in female mating status.Conclusions:Our study suggested that although in this species, males have evolved extreme fighting behaviour and females are valuable resources, males do not always escalate fighting behaviour in competition for mating with a female. Valuable resources and variation in resource value were detected and estimated by A. disparis males, which then adjusted their fighting behaviour accordingly and to some extent avoided incoming fighting costs.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-93067-6_14
发表时间：
1977
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
D. E. Matthews
通讯作者：
D. E. Matthews
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
E. Ranta;H. Rita;M. Crawley
通讯作者：
E. Ranta;H. Rita;M. Crawley
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
AUSTAD, SN
通讯作者：
AUSTAD, SN
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
A. Raina;J. Klun;E. A. Stadelbacher
通讯作者：
A. Raina;J. Klun;E. A. Stadelbacher
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4684-7862-4_22
发表时间：
1976
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
John Maynard Smith
通讯作者：
John Maynard Smith