STRUCTURE, BIOSYNTHESIS, AND FUNCTION OF GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS
STRUCTURE, BIOSYNTHESIS, AND FUNCTION OF GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS
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DOI：
10.1021/bi00475a001
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发表时间：
1990-06-12
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
RADEMACHER, TW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
THOMAS, JR;DWEK, RA;RADEMACHER, TW
牛津大学生物化学系糖生物学单元，牛津大学南公园路，英国牛津0X1 3QU收到1989年11月29日；glycosylphosphatidylinositols （gpi）是最近发现的一类糖脂，被认为可以通过共价键将蛋白质、多糖或小寡糖固定在细胞膜上。直到最近，这些分子的确切化学性质才变得清楚，到目前为止，只有少数分子的完整结构被阐明。尽管如此，还是有大量的相关文献，并且已经发表了一些对该领域的全面评论（Cross, 1987; Ferguson & Williams, 1988; Low & Saltiel, 1988; Low, 1987, 1989）。来自多种真核生物的蛋白质已被发现具有GPI膜锚点，而且这个名单肯定会增加。它们存在于多种哺乳动物细胞和组织、鱿鱼大脑、黏菌乳突、酵母（真菌）、酵母菌和原生动物中。在原核生物、藻类或植物中没有关于gpi的报道，但也没有关于寻找这些潜在来源的尝试的描述。迄今为止，仅在寄生原生动物利什曼原虫中描述过未被取代或附着多糖而非蛋白质的gpi。尽管GPI广泛存在，并且有大量的蛋白质具有GPI膜锚，但很少有关于其生物合成或功能的概括或结论。目前，只有GPIs的化学结构能被确定地描述出来。
Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford 0X1 3QU, UK Received November 29, 1989; Revised Manuscript Received February 26, 1990 (jlycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are a recently discovered class of glycolipids that have been proposed to anchor either protein, polysaccharide, or small oligosaccharides to cellular membranes through covalent linkage. Only recently has the precise chemical nature of these molecules become apparent, and so far the complete structures of only a few have been elucidated. Nevertheless, there is a large body of relevant literature, and several comprehensive reviews of the field have been published (Cross, 1987; Ferguson & Williams, 1988; Low & Saltiel, 1988; Low, 1987, 1989). Proteins from a diversity of eukaryotic organisms havebeen found tohave GPI membrane anchors, and the list is surely to grow. They have been found in a wide variety of mam-malian cells andtissues, squid brain, the slime mold Dict-yostelium, the yeast (fungus) Saccharomyces, and protozoa. There have been no reports of GPIs in prokaryotes, algae, or plants, but neither have there been descriptions of attempts to look at these potential sources. GPIs, either unsubstituted or with polysaccharide rather than protein attached, havebeen described thus far only in the parasitic protozoan Leishmania. Despite the widespread occurrence of GPIs, and the large number of proteins that have GPI membrane anchors, few generalizations or conclusions can be made about their bio-synthesis or function. At present only the chemical structures of GPIs can be described with any certainty.