ALONGSHORE TRANSPORT OF A TOXIC PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM IN A BUOYANCY CURRENT - ALEXANDRIUM-TAMARENSE IN THE GULF OF MAINE
ALONGSHORE TRANSPORT OF A TOXIC PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM IN A BUOYANCY CURRENT - ALEXANDRIUM-TAMARENSE IN THE GULF OF MAINE
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00349739
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发表时间：
1992-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
ANDERSON, DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FRANKS, PJS;ANDERSON, DM
我们研究了机制控制的有毒甲藻Alexandiumtamarense Leparium和贝类毒性在西南部的缅因州，美国海湾伴随模式的水华。在1987年至1989年的一系列巡航中，测量了水文参数，以阐明影响该海岸沿着甲藻分布和丰度的物理因素。1988年和1989年在该地区南部发现毒力时，A. tamarense细胞显然被运送到新罕布什尔州的朴茨茅斯和马萨诸塞州的安角之间的区域，在海岸捕获的浮力羽流中。这一羽流似乎是由安德罗斯科金和肯纳贝克河的外流形成的。这些河流的流速、水文剖面和卫星图像使我们得出结论，烟羽持续了大约一个月，并沿着海岸延伸了几百公里。由于受到风和地形的影响，细胞的分布遵循羽流的位置。当风顺向（西南）时，细胞沿着海岸向南移动，并被固定在海岸上;当风顺向（东北）时，羽流有时会与海岸分离，平流细胞离岸。在1987年没有烟羽出现时，A. tamarense细胞稀少，南部监测站没有记录到毒性。有毒细胞的沿岸平流内被困的浮力羽可以解释的细节的时间和空间模式的贝类毒性沿着海岸。我们假设：（1）A. tamarense种群位于北部，可能与Androscoggin和肯纳贝克河口有关，（2）毒性模式与河流流量和流量峰值时间具有可预测的关系，（3）风应力直接影响低盐度水和甲藻细胞的分布。甲藻的就地生长是引发有毒甲藻水华的重要因素。然而，这些数据表明，沿岸运输的重要作用，建立种群的A。塔玛伦斯在控制麻痹性贝类中毒（PSP）爆发的位置和时间在5月和6月沿着西南海岸的缅因州。
We examined the mechanisms controlling blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense Lebour and the concomitant patterns of shellfish toxicity in the southwestern Gulf of Maine, USA. During a series of cruises from 1987 to 1989, hydrographic parameters were measured to elucidate the physical factors affecting the distribution and abundance of dinoflagellates along this coast. In 1988 and 1989 when toxicity was detected in the southern part of this region, A. tamarense cells were apparently transported into the area between Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and Cape Ann, Massachusetts, in a coastally trapped buoyant plume. This plume appears to have been formed by the outflow from the Androscoggin and Kennebec Rivers. Flow rates of these rivers, hydrographic sections, and satellite images led us to conclude that the plume persisted for about a month, and extended alongshore for several hundred kilometers. The distribution of cells followed the position of the plume as it was influenced by wind and topography. When winds were downwelling-favorable (to the southwest), cells were moved alongshore to the south, and were held to the coast; when winds were upwelling-favorable (to the northeast), the plume sometimes separated from the coast, advecting the cells offshore. In 1987 when no plume was present, A. tamarense cells were scarce, and no toxicity was recorded at the southern stations. The alongshore advection of toxic cells within a coastally trapped buoyant plume can explain the details of the temporal and spatial patterns of shellfish toxicity along the coast. We hypothesize that (1) the source of the A. tamarense populations is in the north, possibly associated with the Androscoggin and Kennebec estuaries, that (2) toxicity patterns follow a predictable relationship with river flow volume and timing of flow peaks and that (3) wind stresses directly influence the distribution of low salinity water and the dinoflagellate cells. Local, in situ growth of dinoflagellates can be an important factor initiating toxic dinoflagellate blooms. However, these data demonstrate the significant role of alongshore transport of established populations of A. tamarense in controlling the location and timing of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) outbreaks in May and June along the southwestern coast of the Gulf of Maine.