From Lahures to Global Cooks: Network Migration from the Western Hills of Nepal to Japan
From Lahures to Global Cooks: Network Migration from the Western Hills of Nepal to Japan
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DOI：
10.1093/ssjj/jyw033
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Kharel, Dipesh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kharel, Dipesh
在过去的几年里，有1800多名尼泊尔人从位于尼泊尔西山的马尔马（Malma）一个村庄迁移到日本的尼泊尔餐馆当厨师。村子里有很多人在日本工作，现在当地人给村子起了个绰号叫“小日本”。1990年后，这些新的经济机会在马尔玛流行起来，现在被视为村里向上社会流动的主要手段。然而，迁移的过程仍然是艰难的。除了少数例外，每个移民要向餐馆老板支付150万尼泊尔卢比（合1.5万美元）才能获得工作签证。日本已经有3000多家尼泊尔餐馆和5.5万多名尼泊尔移民，使日本成为该国最大的南亚社区。本文以2008年至2015年在日本和尼泊尔进行的研究为基础，探讨了从马尔玛到日本的移民的原因和模式，以及尼泊尔移民与祖国之间跨国联系的性质。本文展示了社会资本如何在Malma村民向日本迁移的过程中发挥重要作用，从而为许多家庭提供了向上流动的机会和激励，但没有解决使这些社会网络复杂化的所有者/经理和厨师之间的不平等和地位差距。
In the last few years, more than 1,800 Nepalis have migrated from a single rural village, Malma, located in the Western Hills of Nepal, to work as cooks in Nepali restaurants in Japan. So many people from the village are working in Japan that nowadays the local people have nicknamed it 'Little Japan'. These new economic opportunities became popular in Malma after 1990, and are now seen as the primary means of upward social mobility in the village. However, the process of migration is still difficult. With a few exceptions, each migrant pays 1.5 million Nepali rupees (US$15,000) to the restaurant owner to get a work visa. There are already more than 3,000 Nepali restaurants and over 55,000 Nepali migrants in Japan, making it the largest South Asian community in the country. Based on research in Japan and Nepal conducted from 2008 to 2015, this article explores the causes and patterns of migration from Malma to Japan, and the nature of the transnational ties between the Nepali migrants and their homeland. This article demonstrates how social capital has played an important role in the migration of Malma villagers to Japan, thus providing both the opportunity and incentive for many families to achieve upward mobility, but without solving the inequalities and status gap between the owner/manager and cook that complicate these social networks.