Electroporation into the Limb: Beyond Misexpression
Electroporation into the Limb: Beyond Misexpression
复制标题
肢体电穿孔：超越错误表达
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Ogura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Takayuki Suzuki;T. Ogura
肢体发育已经被几代发育生物学家研究了100多年。发育中的肢体是研究脊椎动物花纹形成的最佳模型之一。我们用鸡的肢体发育来回答一个简单但基本的问题，即为什么异质组织在正确的位置和时间由同质细胞群形成（Pearse & Tabin, 1998）。肢体发育开始于侧板中胚层（LPM）的两对组织隆起。这些被称为前肢和后肢场（图9.1）。肢体形成后，可以清晰地识别出肢体芽中的三维轴：近端-远端（PD，从肩部到手指）、背侧-腹侧（DV，从背部到手掌）和前后（AP，从拇指到小指）轴。这三个轴的形态变化和差异是由枝条芽期的模式形成决定的。随着这些轴的建立，我们可以直观地看到软骨的凝结。肌肉、肌腱和神经元在软骨形成后迁移和分化。由于这些阶段和事件在形态学上和细节上很容易被识别，因此肢芽是研究脊椎动物胚胎模式和组织分化的分子机制的一个很好的模型。
Limb development has been studied for over 100 years by several generations of developmental biologists. The developing limb is one of the best models with which to study pattern formation in vertebrates. We have used chick limb development to answer a simple but basic question, namely, why heterogeneous tissues are formed at correct positions and times from a homogeneous population of cells (Pearse & Tabin, 1998). Limb development starts as two pairs of tissue bulges in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). These are called the forelimb and hindlimb fields (Fig. 9.1). After limb initiation, one can clearly identify three-dimensional axes in the limb buds: the proximal-distal (PD; from shoulder to fingers), dorso-ventral (DV; from back to palm), and antero-posterior (AP; from thumb to little fingers) axes. Morphological changes and differences along these three axes are determined by pattern formation during limb bud stages. Following establishment of these axes, one can visually recognize condensation of cartilages. Muscles, tendons, and neurons migrate and differentiate after cartilage formation. Because the stages and events are easily recognized morphologically and in detail, it is therefore the limb bud is an excellent model with which to study the molecular mechanisms of embryonic patterning and tissue differentiation in vertebrates.
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.5963-11.2013
发表时间：
2013-04-24
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Subramanian J;Dye L;Morozov A
通讯作者：
Morozov A
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Pearse, R. V., II;Scherz, P. J.;Tabin, C. J.
通讯作者：
Tabin, C. J.