Craving for Alcohol, Loss of Control, and Relapse: A Cognitive-Behavioral Analysis
Craving for Alcohol, Loss of Control, and Relapse: A Cognitive-Behavioral Analysis
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对酒精的渴望、失控和复发：认知行为分析
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4613-2874-2_11
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发表时间：
1978
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
G. Marlatt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Marlatt
本文的目的是对酗酒的医学或“疾病”模型中传统定义的复发过程进行批判性综述。在传统方法中，酗酒被视为一种成瘾，复发被定义为在一段戒酒期后导致再次成瘾的一系列事件。这是医学术语中该词的常见用法，并体现在《韦氏新大学词典》对复发的如下定义中：“疾病症状在一段好转期之后再次出现”。同一本词典将成瘾定义为“对成瘾性药物的强制性生理需求”。与这种将成瘾强调为生理需求相一致，医学模型的支持者经常将酗酒者的复发归因于内部症状，比如对酒精的生理渴望，或者对饮酒不由自主、强制性的失控。因此，在一段戒酒期后又开始饮酒被视为酗酒的一种特异症状。
The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical review of the relapse process as traditionally defined within the medical or “disease” model of alcoholism. In the traditional approach, alcoholism is viewed as an addiction, and relapse is defined as the sequence of events leading to readdiction following a period of abstinence from alcohol use. This is the common usage of the term in medical parlance, and is reflected in the following definition of relapse taken from Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary: “A recurrence of symptoms of a disease after a period of improvement.” This same dictionary defines addiction as “compulsive physiological need for a habit-forming drug.” Consistent with this emphasis on addiction as a physiological need, proponents of the medical model frequently attribute an alcoholic’s relapse to internal symptoms such as physical craving for alcohol or an involuntary, compulsive loss of control over drinking. Falling off the wagon after a period of abstinence is thus taken as a pathognomonic symptom of alcoholism.