DEEP-SEA CARRION FEEDING AMPHIPODS - EVOLUTIONARY PATTERNS IN NICHE ADAPTATION
DEEP-SEA CARRION FEEDING AMPHIPODS - EVOLUTIONARY PATTERNS IN NICHE ADAPTATION
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DOI：
10.2307/3543994
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发表时间：
1979-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
DAHL, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DAHL, E
近年来，在深海采集中广泛使用诱饵捕集器，这表明鱼类和端足类动物是深海生境中主要的食腐动物。在这种深海陷阱中经常获得的所有片足类动物都属于Lysianassidae科。本文报道了5种深海食腐肉的Lysianassids [Hirondellea gigas，Eurythenes gryllus，Parabellatenuipes，Orchomene chevreuxi和Orchomene sp.]从大西洋和太平洋的可能的适应性进行了研究，其特殊的生态位的化学传感器设备和消化系统。化学感觉器官的特殊安排上的lysianassid antennulae可以被看作是一个一般的适应化学感觉食物定位，比大多数其他片足类动物更好地发展。在这方面，相关的深海和大陆架分类群之间没有直接明显的区别。在下颌骨中，为处理大型腐肉而进行的修改导致了远离传统片足类模式的深远的形态变化，并且显然沿着沿着不同的路线。在所有物种中，消化道都适合于大规模的食物储存，但沿着两条完全不同且相互排斥的线路。在一个属的一个渐进的肠道适应存储建议1架物种和2深海物种之间的比较。在Lysianassidae 2或更广泛的分歧进化线已导致成功适应深海腐肉喂养。
Extensive use of baited traps in deep-sea collecting during recent years has shown fishes and amphipods to be the dominant carrion-feeders in the abyssal habitat. All amphipods regularly obtained in such deep-sea traps belong to the family Lysianassidae. Five carrion-feeding deep-sea lysianassids [Hirondellea gigas, Eurythenes gryllus, Paralicella tenuipes, Orchomene chevreuxi and Orchomene sp.] from the Atlantic and the Pacific were studied with respect to possible adaptations for their particular ecological niche in the chemosensory equipment and the alimentary system. The special arrangement of chemosensory organs on the lysianassid antennulae can be seen as a general adaptation for chemosensory food localization, better developed than in most other amphipods. There is no immediately obvious difference in this respect between related deep-sea and shelf taxa. In the mandibles, modification for dealing with large carrion has led to far-reaching morphological transformations away from the traditional amphipod pattern and apparently along different lines. In all species the alimentary canal is adapted for large scale food storing but along 2 completely different and mutually exclusive lines. In one genus a progressive intestinal adaptation for storage is suggested by a comparison between 1 shelf species and 2 deep-sea species. Within the Lysianassidae 2 or more widely diverging evolutionary lines have led to successful adaptation to deep-sea carrion feeding.