A Formal Framework for Interlinear Text
A Formal Framework for Interlinear Text
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行间文本的形式框架
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
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通讯作者：
Steven Bird
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作者：
K. Maeda;Steven Bird
行间文本有多种形式，并且可以用多种方式进行数字表示，例如硬间隔的纯文本、表格、特殊标记和特殊用途的数据结构。有多种方法可以链接到音频数据和词条，以及包括脚注和其他页边距。这种形式的多样性给用于搜索、交换、显示和丰富行间文本的通用软件带来了问题。在本文中，我们综述了现有的几种用于行间文本的工具、模型和格式。我们认为，为了从所有的物理存储格式和显示风格中抽象出来，针对行间文本的通用抽象数据模型是必要的。我们提出了一种新的基于注释图模型的行间文本的形式框架[Bird and Liberman，2001]。该模型具有开发实用工具所需的几个特性。它具有很好的伸缩性，因此可以高效地存储和操作扩展的、层次丰富的文本。该模型具有作为关系表的直接表示，从而允许高效查询。不完全信息可以自然地表示，因此部分分析的文本是格式良好的结构，并且在查询方面表现良好。出于同样的原因，行间文本的基本任意部分，例如特定的层，可以被投影并保持良好的结构，这便于外部程序的分析。最后，这个模型使得将行间文本解释为时间序列数据的注释变得很简单，这样工具就可以在转录和注释文本的同时访问主要的音频数据。作为这些主张的部分演示，我们提出了一个基于注释图模型的行间文本编辑器原型。这一工具是与在注释图框架内转录和注解时间序列数据的工具的一般结构一起开发的。通过使用该体系结构，我们可以重用互连文本软件组件，并将其与其他工具集成。该工具以开放源代码的形式提供。
Interlinear texts come in many forms and can be represented digitally in many ways, e.g. plain text with hard spacing, tables, special markup, and special-purpose data structures. There are various methods for linking to audio data and lexical entries, and for including footnotes and other marginalia. This diversity of form presents problems for general purpose software for searching, exchanging, displaying and enriching interlinear texts. In this paper, we survey several existing tools, models and formats for interlinear text. We argue that a general purpose abstract data model for interlinear text is necessary in order to abstract away from all the physical storage formats and display styles. We propose a new formal framework for interlinear text based on the annotation graph model [Bird and Liberman, 2001]. This model has several desirable properties for the development of practical tools. It scales well, so that extended, richly layered texts can be stored and manipulated efficiently. The model has a direct representation as a relational table, permitting efficient query. Incomplete information can be represented naturally, so partially analyzed texts are wellformed structures and are well-behaved with respect to query. For the same reason, essentially arbitrary parts of an interlinear text, such as particular layers, can be projected and remain well-formed, and this facilitates analysis by external programs. Finally, this model makes it trivial to construe interlinear text as an annotation of time-series data, so that tools can give access to the primary audio data while a text is being transcribed and annotated. As partial demonstration of these claims, we present a prototype interlinear text editor based on the annotation graph model. This tool is being developed in conjunction with a general architecture of tools for transcribing and annotating time-series data within the framework of annotation graphs. By using this architecture we can reuse and integrate interlinear text software components with other tools. The tool is available in open source form.