The Influence of Social Category and Reciprocity on Adults' and Children's Altruistic Behavior
The Influence of Social Category and Reciprocity on Adults' and Children's Altruistic Behavior
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社会范畴和互惠对成人和儿童利他行为的影响
DOI：
10.1177/147470490900700212
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
M. Keller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Gummerum;Masanori Takezawa;M. Keller
利他主义的进化理论表明，互惠交换和群体内偏好是导致陌生人之间利他行为进化的重要策略。本研究探讨了交互伙伴在一个微不足道的社会群体中的成员资格的最小信息是否会影响独裁者游戏中成人和儿童的分配，顺序囚犯困境中的互惠性，以及第三方惩罚游戏中的利他惩罚。总共有155名成年人和157名二年级和六年级的学生在内组、外组或中性条件下玩了这三个经济游戏。成年人和六年级儿童分配更多的内组比外组接收器在独裁者的游戏，和成年人惩罚内组非合作者更多的第三方惩罚游戏比外组非合作者。当其他球员的过去行为的额外信息，成人互惠平等与内组，外组，和中立的球员，而从六年级的儿童互惠更多的内组和中立比外组球员。总体而言，本研究的结果支持了团体成员和互惠对成年人和年龄较大的小学儿童利他行为的重要性。然而，对于年龄较小的小学儿童，互惠和群体成员身份并不作为显着的社会信息，影响他们的利他行为。
Evolutionary theories of altruism have suggested that reciprocal exchanges and ingroup favoritism have been important strategies leading to the evolution of altruistic behavior among strangers. This study investigates whether minimal information about an interaction partner's membership in a trivial social group affects the allocations of adults and children in dictator game, reciprocity in a sequential prisoner's dilemma, and altruistic punishment in a third-party punishment game. In all, 155 adults and 157 students from second and sixth grade played these three economic games in either an ingroup, outgroup, or neutral condition. Adults and sixth-grade children allocated more to ingroup than to outgroup receivers in the dictator game, and adults punished ingroup non-cooperators more in the third-party punishment game than outgroup non-cooperators. When additional information about the other player's past behavior was presented, adults reciprocated equally with ingroup, outgroup, and neutral players, whereas children from sixth grade reciprocated more with ingroup and neutral than with outgroup players. Overall, the results of this study support the importance of group membership and reciprocity for adults' and older elementary school children's altruistic behavior. For younger elementary school children, however, reciprocity and group membership do not serve as salient social information that influence their altruistic behavior.
早期性别发展的认知理论。
影响因子：
22.4
作者：
Martin,CarolLynn;Ruble,DianeN;Szkrybalo,Joel
通讯作者：
Szkrybalo,Joel