Discussion on Mouth-Breathing and Nasal Obstruction
Discussion on Mouth-Breathing and Nasal Obstruction
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关于口呼吸和鼻塞的讨论
DOI：
10.1177/003591573202500868
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发表时间：
1932
影响因子：
17.3
通讯作者：
S. Hastings
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. James;S. Hastings
多年来，我们共同检查了患有通常认为与口呼吸和鼻塞有关的疾病的患者。本文中记录的观察结果几乎完全基于我们的临床经验。不断使用鼻子呼吸。在哺乳动物，鸟类和爬行动物中，鼻子是呼吸系统中空气进入的门户，而口腔，消化系统的门户，在某些条件下可以用于补充鼻子的呼吸功能。我们要强调的事实是，在人类中，鼻子呼吸在所有种族中都是正常的，尽管在严重的肌肉运动中以及在打哈欠、咳嗽、打喷嚏和哭泣等特殊行为中会使用嘴来补充正常的呼吸。在需要肺部迅速充满空气的情况下，通过嘴吸气比通过鼻子吸气更有效，这一点很容易证明。当呼吸发生与嘴打开，软腭和舌头的位置变化，根据是否主要使用鼻子或嘴。如果舌根抬高软腭压低，则空气从鼻子进入，但如果舌压低软腭抬高，则空气从口腔进入。我们的观察使我们相信，除了在少数罕见的病理条件下，鼻子总是用于呼吸，尽管有时由嘴补充。通过鼻子呼吸的强烈冲动存在于所有人中。它在出生时最明显，在老年时似乎会减少。我们使用了一张大约八分之一英寸宽、两到三英寸长的薄纸来确定呼吸的特征，纸条的一端用手握住，另一端放在靠近每个鼻孔和嘴前，交替重复。在儿童中，我们发现通过假装测试视力并要求儿童在测试进行时用眼睛跟随同一张或第二张纸条来分散注意力是有用的。我们检查了53名婴儿，年龄从1到14天，而睡着了，在产科病房的米德尔塞克斯医院。在所有情况下，呼吸完全通过鼻子进行。其中一个孩子吮吸着两个手指，另一个吮吸着拇指。几个人的嘴唇分开。在某些情况下，但不是全部，最后，嘴唇之间的椭圆形或三角形空间被舌尖堵塞。所有这些婴儿都有发育良好的鼻翼肌肉。下颌骨和下半部分
FOR many years we have jointly examined patients suffering from conditions generally believed to be associated with mouth-breathing and nasal obstruction. The observations recorded in this paper are based almost entirely upon our clinical experience. The constant use of the nose for respiration.-In mammals, birds and reptiles, the nose is the portal for entry of air in the respiratory system, whilst the mouth, the portal to the digestive system, may be used to supplement the respiratory function of the nose, under certain conditions. We wish to emphasize the fact that in man, nose-breathing is normal in all races, although the use of the mouth to supplement normal respiration occurs during severe muscular exertion and also in special acts such as yawning, coughing, sneezing and crying. Under conditions which demand rapid filling of the lungs with air, inspiration through the mouth is more effective than through the nose, as can be readily demonstrated. When respiration takes place with the mouth open, the position of the soft palate and tongue varies, according to whether the nose or mouth is mainly used. If the base of the tongue is raised and the soft palate depressed, the air enters through the nose, but if the tongue is depressed and the soft palate raised, the air enters through the mouth. Our observations have led us to believe that, except in a few rare pathological conditions, the nose is always used for respiration although at times supplemented by the mouth. The powerful urge to breathe through the nose is present in all individuals. It is most marked at birth and would appear to diminish in old age. We have made use of a strip of thin paper about one-eighth of an inch wide and two or three inches long, to determine the character of the breathing, one end of the strip being held by the hand and the other placed close to each nostril and before the mouth, alternately and repeatedly. In children we have found it useful to distract the attention by pretending to test the eyesight and asking the child to follow the same or a second strip of paper with his eyes while the test is being carried out. We have examined fifty-three infants, aged from 1 to 14 days, while asleep, in the maternity wards of the Middlesex Hospital. In every case breathing took place exclusively through the nose. One of these children was sucking two fingers and another the thumb. Several had their lips apart. In some, but not all, of these last, the oval or triangular space between the lips was plugged by the tip of the tongue. All these babies had well-developed ala nasi muscles. The mandible and lower part of the