Modulation of Immune Responses to Influenza A Virus Vaccines by Natural Killer T Cells.
Modulation of Immune Responses to Influenza A Virus Vaccines by Natural Killer T Cells.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2020.02172
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Richt JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Driver JP;de Carvalho Madrid DM;Gu W;Artiaga BL;Richt JA
甲型流感病毒 (IAV) 在不同哺乳动物和鸟类宿主之间广泛传播，有时会引起人畜共患感染。疫苗接种是禽流感防控的重要手段。然而，由于不同IAV基因型和亚型之间的交叉保护不足以及无法跟上IAV毒株的快速分子进化，IAV疫苗的功效往往不是最佳的。人们的注意力集中在使用佐剂提高 IAV 疫苗的效率上，佐剂是可以调节和增强对共同施用抗原的免疫反应的物质。当前的审查重点是通过治疗性靶向一种罕见的先天样 T 淋巴细胞（称为不变自然杀伤 T (iNKT) 细胞）群体的免疫调节功能来辅助 IAV 疫苗的非传统方法。这些细胞连接先天性免疫系统和适应性免疫系统，能够刺激多种免疫细胞，增强疫苗介导的免疫反应。在这里，我们讨论影响 iNKT 细胞对流感疫苗佐剂作用的因素，以及在考虑将这种新型佐剂方法用于人类或兽医之前必须克服的障碍。
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulate widely among different mammalian and avian hosts and sometimes give rise to zoonotic infections. Vaccination is a mainstay of IAV prevention and control. However, the efficacy of IAV vaccines is often suboptimal because of insufficient cross-protection among different IAV genotypes and subtypes as well as the inability to keep up with the rapid molecular evolution of IAV strains. Much attention is focused on improving IAV vaccine efficiency using adjuvants, which are substances that can modulate and enhance immune responses to co-administered antigens. The current review is focused on a non-traditional approach of adjuvanting IAV vaccines by therapeutically targeting the immunomodulatory functions of a rare population of innate-like T lymphocytes called invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. These cells bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems and are capable of stimulating a wide array of immune cells that enhance vaccine-mediated immune responses. Here we discuss the factors that influence the adjuvant effects of iNKT cells for influenza vaccines as well as the obstacles that must be overcome before this novel adjuvant approach can be considered for human or veterinary use.
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