The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Constraints on Supermassive Black Hole Binaries from the Gravitational-wave Background

The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Constraints on Supermassive Black Hole Binaries from the Gravitational-wave Background
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DOI：
10.3847/2041-8213/ace18b
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发表时间：
2023-06
期刊：
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Agazie;A. Anumarlapudi;A. Archibald;P. Baker;B. B'ecsy;L. Blecha;Alexander Bonilla;A. Brazier;P. Brook;S. Burke-Spolaor;R. Burnette;R. Case;J. A. Casey-Clyde;M. Charisi;S. Chatterjee;K. Chatziioannou;B. Cheeseboro;Siyuan Chen;T. Cohen;J. Cordes;N. Cornish;F. Crawford;H. Cromartie;K. Crowter;C. Cutler;D. D’Orazio;M. DeCesar;D. DeGan;P. Demorest;Heling Deng;T. Dolch;B. Drachler;E. Ferrara;W. Fiore;E. Fonseca;G. Freedman;E. Gardiner;N. Garver-Daniels;P. Gentile;K. A. Gersbach;J. Glaser;D. Good;K. Gultekin;J. Hazboun;S. Hourihane;K. Islo;R. Jennings;A. Johnson;Megan L. Jones;A. Kaiser;D. Kaplan;L. Kelley;M. Kerr;J. Key;N. Laal;M. Lam;W. Lamb;T. Lazio;N. Lewandowska;T. Littenberg;Tianyu Liu;Jing Luo;R. Lynch;Chung-Pei Ma;D. Madison;A. McEwen;J. McKee;M. Mclaughlin;N. McMann;B. W. Meyers;P. Meyers;C. Mingarelli;A. Mitridate;P. Natarajan;C. Ng;D. Nice;S. Ocker;K. Olum;T. Pennucci;B. Perera;P. Petrov;N. Pol;H. Radovan;S. Ransom;P. Ray;J. Romano;J. Runnoe;S. C. Sardesai;A. Schmiedekamp;C. Schmiedekamp;K. Schmitz;L. Schult;B. Shapiro-Albert;X. Siemens;J. Simon;M. Siwek;I. Stairs;D. Stinebring;K. Stovall;Jerry P. Sun;A. Susobhanan;J. Swiggum;Jacob M. Taylor;S. Taylor;J. E. Turner;C. Unal;M. Vallisneri;S. Vigeland;Jeremy M. Wachter;H. Wahl;Qiaohong Wang;C. Witt;David Wright;O. Young
G. Agazie;A. Anumarlapudi;A. Archibald;P. Baker;B. B'ecsy;L. Blecha;Alexander Bonilla;A. Brazier;P. Brook;S. Burke-Spolaor;R. Burnette;R. Case;J. A. Casey-Clyde;M. Charisi;S. Chatterjee;K. Chatziioannou;B. Cheeseboro;Siyuan Chen;T. Cohen;J. Cordes;N. Cornish;F. Crawford;H. Cromartie;K. Crowter;C. Cutler;D. D’Orazio;M. DeCesar;D. DeGan;P. Demorest;Heling Deng;T. Dolch;B. Drachler;E. Ferrara;W. Fiore;E. Fonseca;G. Freedman;E. Gardiner;N. Garver-Daniels;P. Gentile;K. A. Gersbach;J. Glaser;D. Good;K. Gultekin;J. Hazboun;S. Hourihane;K. Islo;R. Jennings;A. Johnson;Megan L. Jones;A. Kaiser;D. Kaplan;L. Kelley;M. Kerr;J. Key;N. Laal;M. Lam;W. Lamb;T. Lazio;N. Lewandowska;T. Littenberg;Tianyu Liu;Jing Luo;R. Lynch;Chung-Pei Ma;D. Madison;A. McEwen;J. McKee;M. Mclaughlin;N. McMann;B. W. Meyers;P. Meyers;C. Mingarelli;A. Mitridate;P. Natarajan;C. Ng;D. Nice;S. Ocker;K. Olum;T. Pennucci;B. Perera;P. Petrov;N. Pol;H. Radovan;S. Ransom;P. Ray;J. Romano;J. Runnoe;S. C. Sardesai;A. Schmiedekamp;C. Schmiedekamp;K. Schmitz;L. Schult;B. Shapiro-Albert;X. Siemens;J. Simon;M. Siwek;I. Stairs;D. Stinebring;K. Stovall;Jerry P. Sun;A. Susobhanan;J. Swiggum;Jacob M. Taylor;S. Taylor;J. E. Turner;C. Unal;M. Vallisneri;S. Vigeland;Jeremy M. Wachter;H. Wahl;Qiaohong Wang;C. Witt;David Wright;O. Young
中科院分区：
其他
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Agazie;A. Anumarlapudi;A. Archibald;P. Baker;B. B'ecsy;L. Blecha;Alexander Bonilla;A. Brazier;P. Brook;S. Burke-Spolaor;R. Burnette;R. Case;J. A. Casey-Clyde;M. Charisi;S. Chatterjee;K. Chatziioannou;B. Cheeseboro;Siyuan Chen;T. Cohen;J. Cordes;N. Cornish;F. Crawford;H. Cromartie;K. Crowter;C. Cutler;D. D’Orazio;M. DeCesar;D. DeGan;P. Demorest;Heling Deng;T. Dolch;B. Drachler;E. Ferrara;W. Fiore;E. Fonseca;G. Freedman;E. Gardiner;N. Garver-Daniels;P. Gentile;K. A. Gersbach;J. Glaser;D. Good;K. Gultekin;J. Hazboun;S. Hourihane;K. Islo;R. Jennings;A. Johnson;Megan L. Jones;A. Kaiser;D. Kaplan;L. Kelley;M. Kerr;J. Key;N. Laal;M. Lam;W. Lamb;T. Lazio;N. Lewandowska;T. Littenberg;Tianyu Liu;Jing Luo;R. Lynch;Chung-Pei Ma;D. Madison;A. McEwen;J. McKee;M. Mclaughlin;N. McMann;B. W. Meyers;P. Meyers;C. Mingarelli;A. Mitridate;P. Natarajan;C. Ng;D. Nice;S. Ocker;K. Olum;T. Pennucci;B. Perera;P. Petrov;N. Pol;H. Radovan;S. Ransom;P. Ray;J. Romano;J. Runnoe;S. C. Sardesai;A. Schmiedekamp;C. Schmiedekamp;K. Schmitz;L. Schult;B. Shapiro-Albert;X. Siemens;J. Simon;M. Siwek;I. Stairs;D. Stinebring;K. Stovall;Jerry P. Sun;A. Susobhanan;J. Swiggum;Jacob M. Taylor;S. Taylor;J. E. Turner;C. Unal;M. Vallisneri;S. Vigeland;Jeremy M. Wachter;H. Wahl;Qiaohong Wang;C. Witt;David Wright;O. Young

文献摘要

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NANOGrav 15年数据集显示了低频引力波背景（GWB）存在的证据。虽然许多物理过程都可以产生这种低频引力波，但在这里，我们分析的信号来自分布在整个宇宙中的超大质量黑洞（SMBH）双星。我们表明，天体物理学动机的模型SMBH二进制人口能够再现所观察到的低频引力波谱的振幅和形状。虽然多个模型的变化能够重现GWB光谱在我们目前的测量精度，我们的研究结果突出了准确建模的重要性，产生现实的GWB光谱的二进制演变。此外，虽然合理的参数能够重现15年的观测，隐含的GWB振幅需要大量的参数是在预期值的边缘或少量的参数是显着不同的标准预期。虽然我们还不能明确地建立推断GWB信号的起源，与天体物理学的预期信号的一致性提供了一个诱人的前景确认SMBH二进制文件能够形成，达到subparsec分离，并最终合并。随着显著性随时间增长，GWB谱的高阶特征将明确地确定GWB的性质，并允许对SMBH种群的新约束。
The NANOGrav 15 yr data set shows evidence for the presence of a low-frequency gravitational-wave background (GWB). While many physical processes can source such low-frequency gravitational waves, here we analyze the signal as coming from a population of supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries distributed throughout the Universe. We show that astrophysically motivated models of SMBH binary populations are able to reproduce both the amplitude and shape of the observed low-frequency gravitational-wave spectrum. While multiple model variations are able to reproduce the GWB spectrum at our current measurement precision, our results highlight the importance of accurately modeling binary evolution for producing realistic GWB spectra. Additionally, while reasonable parameters are able to reproduce the 15 yr observations, the implied GWB amplitude necessitates either a large number of parameters to be at the edges of expected values or a small number of parameters to be notably different from standard expectations. While we are not yet able to definitively establish the origin of the inferred GWB signal, the consistency of the signal with astrophysical expectations offers a tantalizing prospect for confirming that SMBH binaries are able to form, reach subparsec separations, and eventually coalesce. As the significance grows over time, higher-order features of the GWB spectrum will definitively determine the nature of the GWB and allow for novel constraints on SMBH populations.