Land-use evolution in the catchment of Lake Murten, Switzerland
Land-use evolution in the catchment of Lake Murten, Switzerland
复制标题
瑞士穆尔滕湖流域的土地利用演变
DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106154
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
N. Dubois
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Haas;Petra Kaltenrieder;S. Ladd;C. Welte;M. Strasser;T. Eglinton;N. Dubois
人为土壤侵蚀是一个受到全球关注的问题，近年来已成为广泛研究的热点。尽管如此，我们对土地利用的历史及其对土壤侵蚀和当地环境的长期影响的了解仍然有限。本研究试图通过调查瑞士Murten湖的沉积物来解决这个问题，使用多代理方法来重建土地利用历史及其对集水区的影响。我们通过分析花粉和木炭来重建过去的土地利用和植被动态，并利用陆生叶蜡生物标志物的分布、它们的δ13C同位素组成和它们的土壤保持时间（化合物特异性14c）来评估它们对过去土壤碳动态的长期影响。树花粉丰度、木炭流入和文化指标与考古证据相匹配，揭示了湖周围的一个多事的过去。人类出现的第一个迹象是在公元前5000年左右发现的，当时新石器时代的居民居住在湖边。新石器时代和青铜器时代人类土地利用对花粉和沉积有机质组成没有显著影响。这种情况在铁器时代晚期和罗马时代早期（约公元前70年）发生了变化。与罗马城市aventicum的兴起同时，该地区开始了大规模的森林砍伐和农业。这一时期土壤退化严重，土壤有机碳（SOC）流失，土壤源性叶蜡和预熟叶蜡的输入增加，导致了2000年前的富营养化。罗马帝国灭亡后，土壤侵蚀减少，随后出现了短暂的恢复。大约200年后，森林的SOC输出量恢复到罗马前的水平，但森林从未恢复到过去的规模。最后发现的两个土地利用变化时期与中世纪农业（约公元1000年）和工业时期（约公元1800年）的开始有关。今天，叶蜡的平均运输时间几乎是罗马时期的五倍，这表明土壤已经发生了大量的侵蚀，土壤碳动态恢复到自然状态需要更长的时间。
Anthropogenic soil erosion is a problem of global concern and recently has become the focus of extensive research. In spite of this, our knowledge about the history of land-use and its long-term impact on soil erosion and the local environment remains limited. This study seeks to address this issue by investigating sediments of Lake Murten, Switzerland, using a multi-proxy approach to reconstruct the history of land-use and its impacts in the catchment. We analyzed pollen and charcoal to reconstruct past land-use and vegetation dynamics, and used the distributions of terrestrial leaf wax biomarkers, their δ13C isotopic composition and their soil retention time (compound-specific14C) to evaluate long-term effects on past soil carbon dynamics.Arboreal pollen abundances, charcoal influx and cultural indicators match the archaeological evidence and reveal an eventful past around the lake. The first signs of human presence were detected around 5000 BCE, when Neolithic pile dwellers occupied the lake’s shores. However, human land-use had no significant effect on the pollen and the sedimentary organic matter (OM) composition during Neolithic times and the Bronze Age. This changed during the Late Iron Age and the Early Roman Period (ca. 70 BCE). Coincident with the rise ofAventicum,a Roman city, large-scale deforestation and agriculture began in the region. Severe soil degradation and outwash of soil organic carbon (SOC) at this time is documented by enhanced input of soil-derived and pre-aged leaf waxes, and resulted in cultural eutrophication ca. 2000 years ago. Soil erosion decreased after the fall of the Roman Empire and a short period of renaturation followed. Although the export of SOC returned to pre-Roman values after ca. 200 years, the forest never recovered to its past extent. The last two detected periods of land-use change correlate with the onset of Medieval agriculture (ca. 1000 CE) and the Industrial Period (ca. 1800 CE). Today, the mean transit time of leaf waxes is almost five times longer compared to the Roman Period, suggesting that substantial soil erosion has occurred and that an even longer time period would be necessary for the soil carbon dynamics to recover to their natural state.
影响因子：
5
作者：
D. Sachse;J. Radke;G. Gleixner
通讯作者：
D. Sachse;J. Radke;G. Gleixner