RECEIVER PSYCHOLOGY AND THE EVOLUTION OF ANIMAL SIGNALS
RECEIVER PSYCHOLOGY AND THE EVOLUTION OF ANIMAL SIGNALS
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DOI：
10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80600-1
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发表时间：
1991-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
DAWKINS, MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GUILFORD, T;DAWKINS, MS
尽管几十年的兴趣，在动物信号的设计非凡的多样性的适应意义仍然难以捉摸。信号设计包括“策略设计”和“功效设计”两个方面。策略设计关注的是如何通过自然选择构建信号，以提供使接收者做出反应所需的信息（例如，通过善于显示潜在的质量），而功效则关注如何设计信号以将信息传递给接收者（例如，通过易于测量）。有人认为，一个重要的，但被忽视的动物信号的进化力量，因此是信号接收器的心理，和三个方面的接收器心理（什么接收器发现容易检测，容易区分和容易记住）构成强大的选择力在信号设计。最大的重点是给予记忆性，因为这是最少考虑的以前的作者。有人认为，学习和记忆参与了广泛的信号，并提出了许多假设，以如何适应信号可能是更难忘的接收器。这种分析的关系，以较早的尝试在理解信号进行了探讨，特别是参考诚实，操纵和读心术的概念。
Despite decades of interest, the adaptive significance of the extraordinary diversity in the design of animal signals remains elusive. It is suggested that signal design consists of two components: ‘strategic design’ and ‘efficacy’. Strategic design is concerned with how a signal is constructed by natural selection to provide the information necessary to make a receiver respond (e.g. by being good at displaying underlying quality), whilst efficacy is concerned with how a signal is designed to get that information across to the receiver (e.g. by being easily measured). It is argued that an important but neglected evolutionary force on animal signals is therefore the psychology of the signal receiver, and that three aspects of receiver psychology (what a receiver finds easy to detect, easy to discriminate and easy to remember) constitute powerful selective forces in signal design. Greatest emphasis is given to memorability because this has been least considered by previous authors. It is argued that learning and memory are involved in a wide range of signals, and numerous hypotheses as to how signals may be adapted to be more memorable to receivers are suggested. The relationship of this analysis to earlier attempts at understanding signals is explored, particularly with reference to the concepts of honesty, manipulation and mind-reading.