The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism
The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism
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自由主义的社群主义批判
DOI：
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Walzer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Walzer
众所周知，知识界的时尚是短命的，就像流行音乐、艺术或服装的时尚一样。但有一些时尚似乎经常重新出现。就像打褶的裤子或短裙一样，它们是一种更大、更稳定的流行现象（在这种情况下是一种穿着方式）的无常特征。他们的生命短暂，但经常出现;我们知道他们的短暂，除了他们的回归。不用说，没有来世，裤子会永远打褶，裙子会永远变短。复发就是一切。虽然它在一个更高的层次上运作（无限高的层次？）在文化意义上，社群主义对自由主义的批判就像裤子的褶裥：短暂但肯定会回归。这是自由主义政治和社会组织的一贯间歇性特征。任何自由主义的成功都不会使它永久失去吸引力。与此同时，社群主义的批评，无论多么尖锐，都只不过是自由主义的一个反复无常的特征。也许有一天，会有一个更大的转变，就像从贵族的膝裤到平民的裤子的转变，使自由主义及其批评者变得无关紧要。但我目前没有看到任何类似的迹象，我也不确定我们是否应该期待这样的事情发生。就目前而言，对于一种反复出现的批评，我们有很多话要说，这种批评的主角只希望取得小的胜利，部分的胜利，当他们被拒绝、解雇或拉拢时，他们会消失一段时间，然后再回来。社群主义与社会民主主义形成了有益的对比，社会民主主义成功地建立了一个永久的存在，
Intellectual fashions are notoriously short-lived, very much like fashions in popular music, art, or dress. But there are certain fashions that seem regularly to reappear. Like pleated trousers or short skirts, they are inconstant features of a larger and more steadily prevailing phenomenon in this case, a certain way of dressing. They have brief but recurrent lives; we know their transience and except their return. Needless to say, there is no afterlife in which trousers will be permanently pleated or skirts forever short. Recurrence is all. Although it operates at a much higher level (an infinitely higher level?) of cultural significance, the communitarian critique of liberalism is like the pleating of trousers: transient but certain to return. It is a consistently intermittent feature of liberal politics and social organization. No liberal success will make it permanently unattractive. At the same time, no communitarian critique, however penetrating, will ever be anything more than an inconstant feature of liberalism. Someday, perhaps, there will be a larger transformation, like the shift from aristocratic knee-breeches to plebian pants, rendering liberalism and its critics alike irrelevant. But I see no present signs of anything like that, nor am I sure that we should look forward to it. For now, there is much to be said for a recurrent critique, whose protagonists hope only for small victories, partial incorporations, and when they are rebuffed or dismissed or coopted, fade away for a time only to return. Communitarianism is usefully contrasted with social democracy, which has succeeded in establishing a permanent presence alongside of and some-