RF Fingerprints Prediction for Cellular Network Positioning: A Subspace Identification Approach

RF Fingerprints Prediction for Cellular Network Positioning: A Subspace Identification Approach
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蜂窝网络定位的射频指纹预测:一种子空间识别方法

DOI:
10.1109/tmc.2019.2893278
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发表时间:
2020-02
影响因子:
7.9
通讯作者:
Xinbing Wang
Xinbing Wang
中科院分区:
计算机科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xiaohua Tian;Xinyu Wu;Hao Li;Xinbing Wang

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蜂窝网络定位是对紧急呼叫者进行本地化的强制性要求,例如北美的E911。虽然智能手机通常配备GPS模块,但仍有大量用户将手机作为基本设备,GPS在城市峡谷环境中可能无效。为此,3GPP将基于射频指纹的定位机制纳入LTE架构,其中的主要挑战是在大范围内收集地理标记的射频指纹。本文提出利用子空间识别方法进行大规模射频指纹预测。将该问题转化为寻找Stiefel流形上的最优子空间问题,并重新设计了收敛速度快的Stiefel流形优化方法。此外,我们提出了一种滑动窗口机制,用于实际的大规模指纹预测场景,其中记录的指纹在广阔的区域内分布不均匀。结合这两种机制,实现了一种高效的城市级大规模指纹预测方法。此外,我们通过实际移动数据实验验证了我们的理论分析和提出的机制,结果表明我们预测的指纹定位精度和可靠性超过了E911的要求。
Cellular network positioning is a mandatory requirement for localizing emergency callers, such as E911 in North America. Although smartphones are normally equipped with GPS modules, there are still a large number of users with cell phones only as basic devices, and GPS could be ineffective in urban canyon environments. To this end, the RF fingerprints based positioning mechanism is incorporated into LTE architecture by 3GPP, where the major challenge is to collect geo-tagged RF fingerprints in vast areas. This paper proposes to utilize the subspace identification approach for large-scale RF fingerprints prediction. We formulate the problem into the problem of finding the optimal subspace over Stiefel manifold, and redesign the Stiefel-manifold optimization method with fast convergence rate. Moreover, we propose a sliding window mechanism for the practical large-scale fingerprints prediction scenario, where recorded fingerprints are unevenly distributed in the vast area. Combining the two proposed mechanisms enables an efficient method of large-scale fingerprints prediction in the city level. Further, we validate our theoretical analysis and proposed mechanisms by conducting experiments with real mobile data, which shows that the resulted localization accuracy and reliability with our predicted fingerprints exceed the requirement of E911.
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