Differences in locomotor behavior correspond to different patterns of morphological selection in two species of waterfall-climbing gobiid fishes
Differences in locomotor behavior correspond to different patterns of morphological selection in two species of waterfall-climbing gobiid fishes
复制标题
两种攀爬瀑布的戈壁鱼运动行为的差异对应于形态选择的不同模式
作者：
Sandy M. Kawano;W. Bridges;H. Schoenfuss;T. Maie;R. Blob
行为在调节动物形态和表现之间的关系中起着重要作用，因此可以影响选择的运作方式。然而，在何种程度上可以使用特定的行为与特定类型的选择形态性状？对爬瀑布的虎鱼进行了实验室选择分析，以研究运动行为变化如何影响线性和非线性形态选择的模式。从姐妹属（Sicyopterus stimpsoni和Sicydium punctatum），使用不同的攀爬行为的物种暴露在类似的人工瀑布，以模拟一个控制的选择性制度，涉及攀登一个几乎垂直的斜坡对流水。少年S. stimpsoni“英寸”瀑布的交替附着口和骨盆吸盘与轴向或鳍运动很少，导致直截了当的期望，攀登选择应该有利于形态，提高减阻和基板的粘附。与此相反，幼年S. punctatum攀登使用大量的轴向和鳍运动，复杂的选择模式和潜在的促进相关选择的期望。各种形态性状和性状相互作用的方向，二次和相关选择系数的比较表明，这些物种表现出不同的选择模式，一般适合这些预测。定向选择和相关选择模式在种间存在差异，平均而言，S. punctatum与S. stimpsoni。S. punctatum可能与其攀援方式有关，这种攀援方式比S. stimpsoni，在复杂的流体动力学环境中促进身体区域之间的动态相互作用。
Behavior plays an important role in mediating relationships between morphology and performance in animals and, thus, can influence how selection operates. However, to what extent can the use of specific behaviors be associated with particular types of selection on morphological traits? Laboratory selection analyses on waterfall-climbing gobiid fishes were performed to investigate how behavioral variations in locomotion can affect patterns of linear and nonlinear morphological selection. Species from sister genera (Sicyopterus stimpsoni and Sicydium punctatum) that use different climbing behaviors were exposed to similar artificial waterfalls to simulate a controlled selective regime involving the climbing of a nearly vertical slope against flowing water. Juvenile S. stimpsoni “inch up” waterfalls by alternate attachment of oral and pelvic suckers with little axial or fin movement, leading to straightforward expectations that climbing selection should favor morphologies that improve drag reduction and substrate adhesion. In contrast, juvenile S. punctatum climb using substantial axial and fin movements, complicating expectations for selection patterns and potentially promoting correlational selection. Comparisons of directional, quadratic and correlational selection coefficients for various morphological traits and trait interactions indicated that these species showed different selection patterns that generally fit these predictions. Both directional and correlational selection patterns were different between the species, and on average were stronger in S. punctatum compared to S. stimpsoni. Stronger selection in S. punctatum may be related to its climbing style that requires more integrated movement of the fins and body axis than S. stimpsoni, promoting dynamic interactions among body regions within a complicated hydrodynamic environment.