Supplementation of antioxidant micronutrients reduces stress and improves immune function/response in periparturient dairy cows and their calves
Supplementation of antioxidant micronutrients reduces stress and improves immune function/response in periparturient dairy cows and their calves
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126718
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发表时间：
2021-01-20
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Dang, Ajay Kumar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alhussien, Mohanned Naif;Tiwari, Sadhana;Dang, Ajay Kumar
研究背景：围产期奶牛应激，引起激素和代谢功能波动，导致免疫抑制。除了损害奶牛的健康，生产和繁殖外，它还通过降低初乳质量影响新生小牛的健康。微量营养素是已知的最佳健康和生产和其对分娩应激的影响，免疫反应在奶牛和小牛需要explored.Aim：本研究的目的是看到的效果，口服补充微量营养素在哺乳期对健康状况的杂交奶牛和随后对他们的新生小牛。方法：选择健康经产母牛42头，随机分为5组，每组7头，即对照组（基础饮食，BD），VA组（BD +维生素A，105 IU）、Zn组（BD +硫酸锌，60 ppm）、VE组（BD +维生素E，2500 IU）和联合补充（CS）组（BD + VA、Zn和VE的组合）。在早晨饲喂前，每天一次向个体奶牛提供复合浓缩DM（100 g）中的补充剂，并将剩余部分纳入TMR中。在预期产犊前一个月开始饲喂，直至产犊。在相对于产犊日的第-15、-7、-3、0、+3、+7和+15天从奶牛中采集血样。在第0、+3、+7和+15天采集新生小牛的血样和奶牛的乳汁样本。使用细胞计数器估计牛奶体细胞计数（SCC）。用ELISA试剂盒测定了奶牛血液、乳汁和犊牛血浆中的皮质醇含量。用硫酸锌浊度法测定了奶牛乳和犊牛血清中的总免疫球蛋白（IG）。用硝基四氮唑蓝（NBT）法测定牛和犊牛血中性粒细胞的吞噬活性（PA），用SAS混合程序进行重复测量双因素方差分析，用Tukey多重比较检验进行两两比较。微量营养素的联合补充降低了（P < 0.05）母血（对照组比CS组，5.98？0.20对比3.86？0.23 ng/mL）和乳血浆（3.96？0.13对比2.71？0.10 ng/mL）皮质醇、乳SCC（3.05？0.11 vs. 2.12？0.10 ? 105 cells/mL）和增加（P < 0.05）总乳IG浓度（18.80？0.11对比23.04？0.57血中性粒细胞PA（0.84？0.03对比1.07？0.03）。同样，较低的血皮质醇浓度（9.69？0.35对比6.02？0.18血清总IG（23.26 ng/mL）高于对照组（P < 0.05）。0.11对比30.34？0.70血中性粒细胞PA（0.37 mg/mL）; 0.02对比0.52？0.02），观察到在小牛出生的CS组的奶牛相比，对照组。CS组的治疗效果最好（P < 0.05），其次是VE组和Zn组。然而，VA组没有？t不同于对照组。结论：我们的研究结果表明，微量营养素干预在哺乳期可以改善健康状况的奶牛犊牛，随后他们的小牛的福祉。
Background: Periparturient period induces stress in cows which fluctuates hormonal and metabolic function and causes immune suppression. Apart from impairing the health, production, and reproduction of cows, it also influences the well-being of newborn calves by decreasing the colostrum quality. Micronutrients are known for optimal health and production and their effects on parturition stress, immune response in both cow and its calf need to be explored.Aim: The aim of this study was to see the effect of oral supplementation of micronutrients during the prepartum period on the health status of crossbred dairy cows and subsequently on their newborn calves.Methods: A total of 42 healthy multiparous cows were selected and randomly divided into five groups with seven cows in each group, i.e. control (Basal Diet, BD), VA group (BD + vitamin A, 105 IU), Zn group (BD + zinc sulphate, 60 ppm), VE group (BD + vitamin E, 2500 IU), and combined supplementation (CS) group (BD + combination of VA, Zn, and VE). The supplements were offered in compounded concentrate DM (100 g) to individual cows once daily before the morning feeding and the remaining portion was incorporated in the TMR. Feeding was started one month before the expected days of calving till calving. Blood samples were collected from cows at days -15, -7, -3, 0, +3, +7, and +15 relative to the day of calving. Blood samples from newborn calves and milk samples of cows were collected at days 0, +3, +7, and +15. Milk somatic cell counts (SCC) were estimated using a cell counter. Cortisol was estimated by ELISA kit in blood and milk plasma of cows and in the blood plasma of their calves. Total immunoglobulins (Ig) were estimated in milk of cows and serum of calves using zinc sulphate turbidity method. Blood neutrophils from cows and calves were studied for phagocytic activity (PA) using nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) assay.Data were analysed by repeated-measures two-way ANOVA using the mixed procedure of SAS, and the pairwise comparison was performed using a multiple comparison test (Tukey).Results: Combined supplementation of micronutrients decreased (P < 0.05) maternal blood plasma (control vs. CS group, 5.98 ? 0.20 vs. 3.86 ? 0.23 ng/mL) and milk plasma (3.96 ? 0.13 vs. 2.71 ? 0.10 ng/mL) cortisol, milk SCC (3.05 ? 0.11 vs. 2.12 ? 0.10 ? 105 cells/mL) and increased (P < 0.05) total milk Ig concentration (18.80 ? 0.11 vs. 23.04 ? 0.57 mg/mL) and the PA of blood neutrophils (0.84 ? 0.03 vs. 1.07 ? 0.03). Similarly, lower blood cortisol concentration (9.69 ? 0.35 vs. 6.02 ? 0.18 ng/mL) and higher (P < 0.05) total Ig (23.26 ? 0.11 vs. 30.34 ? 0.70 mg/mL) and PA of blood neutrophils (0.37 ? 0.02 vs. 0.52 ? 0.02) were observed in the calves born to CS group of cows as compared to the control. Highest (P < 0.05) positive effects (lower stress levels and higher immune response) of treatment were noticed in CS group followed by VE group and then Zn group. However, VA group didn?t differ from the control group.Conclusion: Our results indicate that micronutrient interventions during the prepartum period can improve the health status of dairy calves and subsequently the well-being of their calves.