Adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an overview of empirically based treatments.
Adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an overview of empirically based treatments.
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DOI：
10.1097/00131746-200401000-00005
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Barkley, Russell A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barkley, Russell A
作者首先概述了注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)在青少年中的表现。他回顾了关于青少年主要注意力不集中亚型的已知情况，症状持续到这个发育阶段，以及青少年ADHD患者的共病。然后，作者回顾了青少年ADHD的治疗方法，在科学文献中有一些经验支持。他首先讨论了有关ADHD治疗的常见假设，以及支持或反对这些假设的证据。关于已被证明无效或其益处未经证实的治疗方法的信息随后被描述。这些措施包括认知行为疗法和社交技能培训。然后，作者概述了关于ADHD的药物治疗的已知情况，并讨论了这些信息如何适用于患有ADHD的青少年。主要讨论了四类药物：兴奋剂、去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂、三环类抗抑郁药和抗高血压药。然后，作者回顾了几种心理社会干预措施的使用，包括应急管理策略、家长行为管理方法培训和教师课堂管理培训，并讨论了如何最好地将这些策略用于ADHD青少年。然后，作者讨论了心理社会干预和药物治疗相结合的治疗方法。最后，讨论了利用体育锻炼作为青少年ADHD治疗的信息。
The author first presents an overview of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as it presents in adolescents. He reviews what is known about the predominantly inattentive subtype in adolescents, the persistence of symptoms into this developmental phase, and comorbid disorders in adolescent patients with ADHD. The author then reviews treatments for adolescents with ADHD for which there is some empirical support in the scientific literature. He first discusses common assumptions concerning the treatment of ADHD and evidence for or against these assumptions. Information on therapies that have been shown to be ineffective or the benefit of which is unproven are then described. These include cognitive-behavioral therapy and social skills training. The author then presents an overview of what is known about the medication treatment of ADHD and discusses how this information is applicable to adolescents with the disorder. Four main classes of drugs are discussed: stimulants, noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and antihypertensive agents. The author then reviews the use of several psychosocial interventions, including contingency management strategies, parent training in behavior management methods, and teacher training in classroom management, and discusses how these strategies can best be used for adolescents with ADHD. The author then discusses the use of combined treatment with psychosocial interventions and medication. Finally, information on the use of physical exercise as therapy for adolescents with ADHD is discussed.