A structural MRI study of human brain development from birth to 2 years.
A structural MRI study of human brain development from birth to 2 years.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.3479-08.2008
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发表时间：
2008-11-19
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gilmore JH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Knickmeyer RC;Gouttard S;Kang C;Evans D;Wilber K;Smith JK;Hamer RM;Lin W;Gerig G;Gilmore JH
出生后头2年的大脑发育非常活跃，可能在神经发育障碍中起着重要作用，包括自闭症和精神分裂症。关于这一时期的知识目前相当有限。我们研究了健康受试者从出生到2岁的大脑结构发育。98名儿童在Siemens头部3 T扫描仪上接受结构MRI扫描，采用磁化制备的快速梯度回波T1加权和快速自旋回波双回波（质子密度和T2加权）序列：84名儿童在2-4周时，35名在1岁时，26名在2岁时。使用一种新的自动化方法完成组织分割。还测定了侧脑室、尾状核和海马体积。第一年的总脑容量增加了101%，第二年增加了15%。大脑半球的增长主要是由灰质，其中增加了149%，在第一年，半球白色物质体积仅增加了11%。小脑体积在第一年增加了240%。第一年侧脑室容积增加了280%，第二年略有下降。从1岁到2岁，尾状核增加了19%，海马增加了13%。在生命的头两年，人类的大脑有着强劲的增长，主要是由灰质的增长驱动的。相比之下，白色物质的生长要慢得多。出生后第一年，小脑体积也大幅增加。这些结果表明，在幼儿期认知和运动发育的结构基础，以及神经发育障碍的潜在发病机制。
Brain development in the first 2 years after birth is extremely dynamic and likely plays an important role in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism and schizophrenia. Knowledge regarding this period is currently quite limited. We studied structural brain development in healthy subjects from birth to 2. Ninety-eight children received structural MRI scans on a Siemens head-only 3T scanner with magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo T1-weighted, and turbo spin echo, dual-echo (proton density and T2 weighted) sequences: 84 children at 2–4 weeks, 35 at 1 year and 26 at 2 years of age. Tissue segmentation was accomplished using a novel automated approach. Lateral ventricle, caudate, and hippocampal volumes were also determined. Total brain volume increased 101% in the first year, with a 15% increase in the second. The majority of hemispheric growth was accounted for by gray matter, which increased 149% in the first year; hemispheric white matter volume increased by only 11%. Cerebellum volume increased 240% in the first year. Lateral ventricle volume increased 280% in the first year, with a small decrease in the second. The caudate increased 19% and the hippocampus 13% from age 1 to age 2. There was robust growth of the human brain in the first two years of life, driven mainly by gray matter growth. In contrast, white matter growth was much slower. Cerebellum volume also increased substantially in the first year of life. These results suggest the structural underpinnings of cognitive and motor development in early childhood, as well as the potential pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders.