Can antipoverty programmes save lives? Quasi-experimental evidence from the Earned Income Tax Credit in the USA.
Can antipoverty programmes save lives? Quasi-experimental evidence from the Earned Income Tax Credit in the USA.
复制标题
反贫困计划可以拯救生命吗？
DOI：
10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037051
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Hakes,JahnK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Muennig,Peter;Vail,Daniel;Hakes,JahnK
目的评估美国州一级劳动所得税抵免（EITC）对死亡率的影响。EITC通过在报税时提供更大的回报来补充低收入工人的工资。设置全国范围内的样本跨越美国每个州的25个人群。在1986年至2011年期间的国家纵向死亡率调查（NLMS）中有793 000名受访者，这是美国的代表性样本。干预EITC计划的州一级补充。一些州（但不是所有州）从1986年（威斯康星州）和最近的2015年（加州）开始不同程度地增加了EITC补充。在有补充方案的州有资格的参与者与没有资格获得补充的参与者进行了比较。在实施补充方案之前和之后进行了比较（差异中的差异，意向治疗分析）。这种准实验方法进一步控制了年龄、性别、婚姻状况、种族或民族、教育程度、收入和就业状况。主要和次要结局指标主要结局指标是10年生存率。次要结局指标包括5年生存率和干预期结束时的生存率。ResultsWe find an association between state supplementary EITC and survival，HR为0.973（95%CI =0.951-0.996）for each US$100 of EITC increase（p<0.05）. ConclusionState level supplementary EITC may be a effective means of increasing survival in the USA.
ObjectiveTo estimate the impact of state-level supplements of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) on mortality in the USA. The EITC supplements the wages of lower-income workers by providing larger returns when taxes are filed.SettingNationwide sample spanning 25 cohorts of people across every state in the USA.Participants793 000 respondents within the National Longitudinal Mortality Survey (NLMS) between 1986 and 2011, a representative sample of the USA.InterventionState-level supplementation to the EITC programme. Some, but not all, states added EITC supplementation to varying degrees beginning in 1986 (Wisconsin) and most recently in 2015 (California). Participants who were eligible in states with supplementary programmes were compared with those who were not eligible for supplementation. Comparisons were made both before and after implementation of the supplementary programme (a difference-in-difference, intent-to-treat analysis). This quasi-experimental approach further controls for age, gender, marital status, race or ethnicity, educational attainment, income and employment status.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was survival at 10 years. Secondary outcome measures included survival at 5 years and survival to the end of the intervention period.ResultsWe find an association between state supplemental EITC and survival, with a HR of 0.973 (95% CI=0.951–0.996) for each US$100 of EITC increase (p<0.05).ConclusionState-level supplemental EITC may be an effective means of increasing survival in the USA.