Perylene in Lake Biwa sediments originating from Cenococcum geophilum in its catchment area
Perylene in Lake Biwa sediments originating from Cenococcum geophilum in its catchment area
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琵琶湖沉积物中的苝源自其流域内的 Cenocaccum geophilum
DOI：
10.1016/j.gca.2012.07.037
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Makiko Watanabe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nobuyasu Itoh;Nobuo Sakagami;Masaki Torimura;Makiko Watanabe
苝由五个苯环组成，在世界各地的沉积物中普遍存在，其浓度和分布与其他多环芳烃不同。关于苝来源的唯一信息来自4,9-二羟基苝-3,10-醌（DHPQ），它起源于真菌成分共生或植物上的寄生虫；然而，没有直接的证据证明苝形成的机制。本文研究了琵琶湖集水区沉积perylene与Cenococcum geophilum （C. geophilum）之间的关系。在该集水区（约40球kg−1干燥土壤，直径为bbb10 - 1mm- φ）中发现了含DHPQ的土干C. geophilum菌核颗粒，沉积物中经常发现小菌核颗粒。在沉积物样品中，我们还发现了含有苝的破碎颗粒，它们具有核菌核颗粒的多孔结构特征。此外，DHPQ通过3,10-苝醌（3,10- pq）在不同阶段转化为苝。这一发现与元素分析（氧/碳）的结果一致。由于土壤腐殖酸中也含有大量的土干草DHPQ，且化合物对湖泊的输入强烈依赖于河流，因此琵瓦湖沉积物中的苝主要来源于集水区土干草DHPQ。
Perylene, which is composed of five benzene rings, is commonly found in sediments throughout the world at concentrations and distributions that are different from those of other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The only information available on the origin of perylene comes from 4,9-dihydroxyperylene-3,10-quinone (DHPQ), which originates from fungal component symbiosis or from parasites on plants; however, there is no direct evidence of a mechanism of perylene formation. In this study, we examined the relationship between sedimentary perylene and Cenococcum geophilum (C. geophilum) in a catchment area at Lake Biwa. Sclerotium grains of C. geophilum containing DHPQ were found in this catchment area (approximately 40 balls kg−1dried soil for >1mm-ϕ), and small sclerotium grains were frequently found in the sediment. In the sediment sample, we also found broken particles containing perylene, and they had a porous structure characteristic of sclerotium grains. Furthermore, the particles contained DHPQ in different transformation stages to perylene via 3,10-perylenequinone (3,10-PQ). This finding was consistent with results from elemental analysis (oxygen/carbon). Because a remarkable amount of DHPQ originating from C. geophilum also exists in the humic acids of soils and because the inputs of compounds to the lake depend strongly on the rivers, perylene in the Lake Biwa sediment originates mainly from the DHPQ of C. geophilum in its catchment area.