Bothrops atrox, the most important snake involved in human envenomings in the amazon: How venomics contributes to the knowledge of snake biology and clinical toxinology
Bothrops atrox, the most important snake involved in human envenomings in the amazon: How venomics contributes to the knowledge of snake biology and clinical toxinology
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100037
复制
发表时间：
2020-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Moura-da-Silva, Ana Maria
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo;Contreras-Bernal, Jorge Carlos;Moura-da-Silva, Ana Maria
Bothrops atrox蛇是亚马逊热带雨林的特有种，当然是南美洲的毒蛇，造成了该地区大部分的蛇咬伤。atrox毒液的成分是众所周知的，并已被用于追踪蛇毒表型与蛇生物学的相关性，以及对因atrox引起事故的人类患者的临床影响。然而，尽管B. atrox蛇分布广泛且具有很大的医学意义，但B. atrox的分类尚未完全解决，并且分类解决的缺乏对毒液或环境研究的影响目前尚不清楚。蛇毒具有不同程度的成分变异性，通常具有凝血毒性，在蛇咬伤患者中引起全身血液学紊乱和局部组织损伤。抗蛇毒血清是减轻临床症状的有效治疗方法。本文从蛇的分类、食性、蛇毒成分、蛇咬伤患者的临床特点及抗蛇毒血清的疗效等方面综述了有关atrox蛇的文献。毒液组学和抗蛇毒组学对提高对atrox蛇、其毒液和其引起的事故的治疗的认识作出了贡献，这一讨论得到了高度支持。
Bothrops atrox snakes are mostly endemic of the Amazon rainforest and is certainly the South American pit viper responsible for most of the snakebites in the region. The composition of B. atrox venom is significantly known and has been used to trace the relevance of the venom phenotype for snake biology and for the impacts in the clinics of human patients involved in accidents by B. atrox. However, in spite of the wide distribution and the great medical relevance of B. atrox snakes, B. atrox taxonomy is not fully resolved and the impacts of the lack of taxonomic resolution on the studies focused on venom or envenoming are currently unknown. B. atrox venom presents different degrees of compositional variability and is generally coagulotoxic, inducing systemic hematological disturbances and local tissue damage in snakebite patients. Antivenoms are the effective therapy for attenuating the clinical signs. This review brings a comprehensive discussion of the literature concerning B. atrox snakes encompassing from snake taxonomy, diet and venom composition, towards clinical aspects of snakebite patients and efficacy of the antivenoms. This discussion is highly supported by the contributions that venomics and antivenomics added for the advancement of knowledge of B. atrox snakes, their venoms and the treatment of accidents they evoke.