EMERGENCE OF ACTION CATEGORIES IN THE CHILD - EVIDENCE FROM VERB MEANINGS
EMERGENCE OF ACTION CATEGORIES IN THE CHILD - EVIDENCE FROM VERB MEANINGS
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DOI：
10.1037/0033-295x.90.1.72
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发表时间：
1983-01-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
CHARNEY, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HUTTENLOCHER, J;SMILEY, P;CHARNEY, R
对于成年人来说，行为类别包括两种情况：自我行为和观察到的行为。本文提出了一个模型，说明成人行为类别如何在儿童中出现，这些儿童的早期类别特定于自我或观察到的行为。该模型假设，当儿童发展出注意到自己和他人作为行动发起者之间的相似之处的能力时，这些类别就会扩展到涵盖这两种情况。对于成年人来说，这些相似之处涉及目标、因果效力和行动。有人认为，涉及可直接观察到的运动的相似之处将首先被注意到，而涉及原因和目标的相似之处则不会被直接观察到，并且需要对其他人的内部状态进行推断，只有在稍后才会被注意到。对儿童动词含义进行了三项研究，以检查动作类别的发展并评估所提出的模型。 103 名学龄前儿童担任 Ss。研究结果表明，动词首先编码儿童自己的行为，然后才编码观察到的其他人的行为。此外，编码特征运动的动词（例如“行走”）被扩展为包含比编码变化的动词（例如“打开”）更早的观察到的动作，支持所提出的模型。（28 参考）（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2016 APA，保留所有权利）
In adults, action categories encompass 2 kinds of instances: self-action and observed action. This article proposes a model of how adult action categories emerge in children whose early categories are specific to self-or observed action. The model posits that these categories are extended to encompass both kinds of instances as children develop the ability to note parallels between themselves and others as initiators of action. For adults, these parallels involve goals, causal efficacy, and movement. It is argued that parallels involving movement, which are directly observable, would be noted first and that parallels involving causes and goals, which are not directly observable and require inferences about internal states of other people, would be noted only later. Three studies of children's verb meanings were carried out to examine the development of action categories and to evaluate the proposed model. 103 preschoolers served as Ss. Findings show that verbs first encode children's own actions and only later encode the observed actions of other people. Further, verbs that encode characteristic movements (eg," walk") are extended to encompass observed action earlier than verbs that encode change (eg," open"), supporting the proposed model.(28 ref)(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)