A 28-GHz Flip-Chip Packaged Chireix Transmitter With On-Antenna Outphasing Active Load Modulation
A 28-GHz Flip-Chip Packaged Chireix Transmitter With On-Antenna Outphasing Active Load Modulation
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具有天线异相有源负载调制功能的 28GHz 倒装芯片封装 Chireix 发射机
DOI：
10.1109/jssc.2019.2898112
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Hua Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sensen Li;T. Chi;Jong;H. Nguyen;Hua Wang
本文介绍了一种封装的 28 GHz Chireix 异相发射器 (TX)，用于增强峰值和回退输出功率 (PBO) 下的功率放大器 (PA) 效率。主要目标是研究使用多馈源天线作为多端口无源网络来执行异相有源负载调制的可能性。作为概念验证，提出了一种异相 TX 架构，利用双馈电环路天线 (DLA) 实现宽带复杂调制信号的高效传输。理论分析和仿真结果证明，所提出的 DLA 在电气上等效于理想的差分串联非隔离功率合成器，可实现出色的天线异相操作。因此，在单个环形天线封装中实现了多功能信号处理，包括高效天线功率组合、异相有源负载调制和毫米波 (mm-Wave) 信号辐射。此外，与传统的空间矢量组合技术（例如空间IQ或空间异相）不同，天线级信号处理保留了宽天线单元视场（FoV），特别适合阵列或多输入多输出（MIMO）应用。拟议的 Chireix TX 包含两个相移子 TX，同时驱动封装上的 DLA。测量结果表明，在 17.1dBm 饱和输出功率 ( $P_{\mathrm {sat}}$ ) 下，PA 消耗/功率附加效率 (DE/PAE) 为 53%/43%，在 6dB PBO 下为 36%/23% DE/PAE。高效 Chireix TX 支持高达 15 Gb/s 64-QAM，平均输出功率为 10.4 dBm，平均 PA DE 为 34%（平均 PAE 为 19.2%），同时在无线辐射测试环境中保持 EVM/ACLR 优于 −27.5 dBc/−28 dBc。
This paper presents a packaged 28-GHz Chireix outphasing transmitter (TX) for power amplifier (PA) efficiency enhancement at both peak and back-off output power (PBO). The main objective is to investigate the possibility of employing a multi-feed antenna as a multi-port passive network to perform outphasing active load modulation. As a proof of concept, an outphasing TX architecture is proposed by leveraging a dual-feed loop antenna (DLA) to achieve high efficiency transmission of wideband complex modulated signals. Theoretical analysis and simulation results prove that the proposed DLA is electrically equivalent to an ideal differential series non-isolating power combiner, enabling superior on-antenna outphasing operation. Multi-functional signal processing is therefore achieved in a single loop-antenna footprint, including high-efficiency on-antenna power combining, outphasing active load modulation, and millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) signal radiation. Moreover, unlike conventional spatial vectorial combining techniques (e.g., spatial IQ or spatial outphasing), the antenna-level signal processing preserves the wide antenna unit field of view (FoV) and is particularly suitable for array or multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) applications. The proposed Chireix TX contains two phase-shifted sub-TXs simultaneously driving a DLA on package. The measurements demonstrate a 53%/43% PA drain/power-added efficiency (DE/PAE) at 17.1-dBm saturated output power ( $P_{\mathrm {sat}}$ ) and 36%/23% DE/PAE at 6-dB PBO. The high-efficiency Chireix TX supports up to 15 Gb/s 64-QAM with 10.4-dBm average output power and 34% average PA DE (19.2% average PAE) while maintaining EVM/ACLR better than −27.5 dBc/−28 dBc in a wireless radiation testing environment.