Quo vadis: polarized membrane recycling in motility and phagocytosis.
Quo vadis: polarized membrane recycling in motility and phagocytosis.
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VADIS：运动性和吞噬作用中极化的膜回收。
DOI：
10.1083/jcb.149.3.529
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发表时间：
2000-05-01
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Mellman, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mellman, I
口语表达“让我们出去吃”意味着运动和摄入之间的关系，也可以在细胞水平上找到。吞噬细胞，如嗜中性粒细胞和盘状网柄藻，具有通过检测和定向细菌和其他微生物释放的化学引诱物而朝向其预期食物移动的显著能力。在中性粒细胞的情况下，随后的细菌吞噬作用是为了宿主防御（而不是营养），但这种关系仍然存在。运动性和吞噬作用之间也存在机械关系。这两个过程往往涉及直接阐述细胞的延伸，无论是在伪足的形式，在吞噬过程中包裹颗粒底物或显着的膜皱褶，发现在一个运动细胞的前缘。这两个过程也是众所周知的高度依赖于肌动蛋白丝的局部聚合和Rho家族GTP酶的活性，帮助组织肌动蛋白聚合。肌动蛋白结合蛋白冠蛋白也发现于移动细胞的前缘或颗粒摄取的位点（Gerisch等人，1995; Maniak等人，1995年）。可以想象，运动和吞噬作用反映了相同的功能，或者至少是紧密相连的功能，这些功能在进化中一起出现：与等待食物被递送的能力相反，向细菌食物移动的能力将增强对摄取的竞争。在本期的《细胞生物学杂志》中，Grinstein及其同事提出了可能有助于解决这些过程机制不确定性的数据（Bajno et al.，2000).细胞运动的问题是现代细胞生物学中最古老的问题之一，可以追溯到20世纪70年代早期Abercrombie，Raff，de Petris和其他人的研究，他们注意到细胞结合颗粒或交联抗体在质膜上表现出定向运动。正如Mark Bretscher（Bretscher，1996; Bretscher and Aguado-Velasco，1998）所阐述的那样，这样的工作产生了两种关于细胞如何运动的观点。第一个提出，定向肌动蛋白聚合提供了一个物理力量，从细胞内，有效地推动它向前。当丝状肌动蛋白被向后推时，表面结合的颗粒将类似地被扫到细胞的后缘。另一种观点认为，
The colloquial expression “let’s go out to eat” implies a relationship between movement and ingestion that can also be found at the cellular level. Phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils and Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae, have a marked capacity to move towards their intended meals by detecting and orienting towards chemoattractants released by bacteria and other microorganisms. In the case of neutrophils, subsequent phagocytosis of bacteria is for the purpose of host defense (as opposed to nutrition), but the relationship remains nevertheless. There is also a mechanistic relationship between motility and phagocytosis. Both processes often involve the directed elaboration of cell extensions, either in the form of pseudopods that envelop particulate substrates during phagocytosis or the pronounced membrane ruffles that are found at the leading edge of a motile cell. Both processes are also well known to be highly dependent on the localized polymerization of actin filaments and activity of Rho family GTPases that help organize actin polymerization. The actin-binding protein coronin is also found either at a moving cell’s leading edge or at the site of particle uptake (Gerisch et al., 1995; Maniak et al., 1995). Conceivably, motility and phagocytosis are reflections of the same, or at least tightly linked, functions which emerged together in evolution: competition for ingestion would be enhanced by the capacity to move towards the bacterial meal as opposed to waiting for the meal to be delivered, as it were. In this issue of The Journal of Cell Biology, Grinstein and colleagues present data that may help resolve the uncertainty over the mechanism of these processes (Bajno et al., 2000).The problem of cell motility is one of the oldest in modern cell biology, dating back to studies in the early 1970’s by Abercrombie, Raff, de Petris, and others who noted that cell-bound particles or cross-linked antibodies exhibited directed movement on the plasma membrane. As articulated by Mark Bretscher (Bretscher, 1996; Bretscher and Aguado-Velasco, 1998), such work gave rise to two views of how cells move. The first proposes that directed actin polymerization provides a physical force from within the cell that effectively pushes it forward. As the filamentous actin is pushed rearward, surface-bound particles would be similarly swept to the cell’s trailing edge. The alternative view suggests that there is polarized insertion of