The anterior insular cortex represents breaches of taste identity expectation.
The anterior insular cortex represents breaches of taste identity expectation.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.1502-11.2011
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发表时间：
2011-10-12
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Small DM
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作者：
Veldhuizen MG;Douglas D;Aschenbrenner K;Gitelman DR;Small DM
尽管违反味觉认同期望对于生存很重要，但其神经相关性尚不清楚。我们对 16 名女性使用功能磁共振成像来检查大脑对预期和意外收到的甜味和无味/无味溶液的反应。在预期试验中（70%），受试者听到“甜”或“无味”，并接受提示所指示的液体。在意想不到的试验中（30%），受试者听到“甜”，但感觉无味，或者他们听到“无味”，但感觉甜。分娩后，受试者通过按下按钮来表明刺激身份。在有效提示后，反应时间更快、更准确，这表明提示按预期改变了预期。品尝意想不到的刺激与预期的刺激会导致梭状回的更大程度的失活，这可能反映出当定向和识别意外的味道时，视觉对象区域受到更大的抑制。与味觉（丘脑、前岛叶）、奖赏（VS、OFC）和注意力（前扣带皮层、额下回、IPS）相关的区域对意外刺激和预期刺激的激活程度显着增强。我们还观察到前岛叶初级味觉皮层中刺激和期望之间的相互作用。与意外与预期无味相比，此处对意外与预期甜味的反应更大，表明该区域对违反味道期望优先敏感。连接性分析证实，期望增强了网络交互，IPS 和 VS 影响了孤立的响应。我们得出的结论是，意外的口腔刺激会导致视觉皮层的抑制以及感觉、注意力和奖励区域的上调，以支持定向、识别和学习显着刺激。
Despite the importance of breaches of taste identity expectation for survival, its neural correlate is unknown. We used fMRI in 16 women to examine brain response to expected and unexpected receipt of sweet taste and tasteless/odorless solutions. During expected trials (70%) subjects heard “sweet” or “tasteless” and received the liquid indicated by the cue. During unexpected trials (30%) subjects heard “sweet” but received tasteless or they heard “tasteless” but received sweet. Following delivery, subjects indicated stimulus identity by pressing a button. Reaction time was faster and more accurate following valid cuing, indicating that the cues altered expectancy as intended. Tasting unexpected vs. expected stimuli resulted in greater deactivation in fusiform gyri, possibly reflecting greater suppression of visual object regions when orienting to, and identifying, an unexpected taste. Significantly greater activation to unexpected vs. expected stimuli occurred in areas related to taste (thalamus, anterior insula), reward (VS, OFC), and attention (anterior cingulate cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, IPS). We also observed an interaction between stimulus and expectation in the anterior insula primary taste cortex. Here response was greater for unexpected vs. expected sweet compared to unexpected vs. expected tasteless, indicating that this region is preferentially sensitive to breaches of taste expectation. Connectivity analyses confirmed that expectation enhanced network interactions, with IPS and VS influencing insular responses. We conclude that unexpected oral stimulation results in suppression of visual cortex and up-regulation of sensory, attention, and reward regions to support orientation, identification and learning about salient stimuli.