(Re)shaping the self: An ethnographic study of the embodied and spatial practices of women who use drugs
(Re)shaping the self: An ethnographic study of the embodied and spatial practices of women who use drugs
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DOI：
10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102327
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发表时间：
2020-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
McNeil, Ryan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Collins, Alexandra B.;Boyd, Jade;McNeil, Ryan
虽然药物使用的性别经验已经得到了很好的建立，但了解女性如何抵制限制其机构的结构对于减轻与药物有关的伤害非常重要，特别是因为过量已成为北美意外死亡的主要原因。利用WWUD的交叉风险环境，这项人种学研究探讨了女性吸毒，外观和行为的性别期望如何影响芬太尼驱动的过量危机背景下过量用药的脆弱性。这项社区参与的民族志研究于2017年5月至2018年12月在加拿大温哥华进行，包括对35名边缘化居住的WWUD（包括跨性别）进行深入访谈，以及在单间住宿（SRA）住房和既定街头毒品场景中进行约100小时的实地调查。数据进行了主题分析，注意体现，机构和交叉性。调查结果强调了性别期望和规范性暴力如何影响妇女在毒品领域和战略性区域对空间的使用。为了抵制“纪律”他们的身体的努力，参与者从事现场性别表演。外表也被认为是管理药物使用披露的关键。参与者采用了性别化的具体做法，包括改变消费方法或在不太明显的地方注射，以向同龄人，有时是他们的伴侣隐瞒他们的使用。为了抵制与非自愿披露相关的伤害，参与者通常在SRA或公共场所单独使用。虽然这种做法使妇女能够在约束系统内发挥作用，但同时也增加了过量服用的风险。研究结果表明，妇女如何通过具体的药物使用实践参与日常抵抗行为，这增加了她们的代理权，但增加了过量服用的风险。需要实施针对性别的计划，增加身体代理和控制（例如，低门槛的个人护理服务，以女性为重点的减少伤害支持），以减少WWUD过量的风险。
While gendered experiences of drug use have been well-established, understanding how women resist structures that constrain their agency is important for mitigating drug-related harms, especially as overdose has become North America's leading cause of accidental death. Drawing on the intersectional risk environments of WWUD, this ethnographic study examined how gendered expectations of women's drug use, appearance, and comportment influenced vulnerability to overdose within the context of a fentanyl-driven overdose crisis. This community-engaged ethnography, conducted in Vancouver, Canada from May 2017 to December 2018, included in-depth interviews with 35 marginally-housed WWUD (transgender-inclusive) and approximately 100 h of fieldwork in single room accommodation (SRA) housing and an established street-based drug scene. Data were analyzed thematically with attention to embodiment, agency, and intersectionality. Findings highlight how gendered expectations and normative violence impacted women's use of space, both in the drug scene and SRAs. To resist efforts to 'discipline' their bodies, participants engaged in situated gender performances. Physical appearance was also deemed critical to managing drug use disclosure. Participants adopted gendered embodied practices, including altered consumption methods or injecting in less visible areas, to conceal their use from peers and at times, their partners. To resist harms associated with involuntary disclosure, participants often used alone in SRAs or in public spaces. While such practices allowed women to exert agency within constraining systems, they concurrently heightened overdose risk. Findings demonstrate how women engaged in everyday acts of resistance through embodied drug use practices, which increased their agency but elevated overdose risk. Implementing gender-specific programs that increase bodily agency and control (e.g. low-threshold services for personal care, women-focused harm reduction support) are needed to reduce risk of overdose for WWUD.